مطالعه ظرفیت زن بودن براساس تجربه زیستة زنان ایرانی و با تأکید برابعاد اجتماعی- فرهنگی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی.گروه روانشناسی. دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی.دانشکاه شهید بهشتی تهران

2 استادگروه روانشناسی.دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی. دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

3 دانشیار گروه آموزشی زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی. دانشگده ادبیات و زبان‌های خارجی. دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

4 دانشیارگروه علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی .دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.تهران. ایران

5 دانشیار گروه بهداشت خانواده. پژوهشکده خانواده. دانشگاه شهید بهشتی. تهران. ایران

چکیده

هدف: الگوهای زنانه و مردانه بر اساس هر فرهنگی و هر زمانی متغیر است. این در حالیست که بیشتر آن‌چه ما می‌دانیم مربوط به فرهنگ‌های غربی است، بنابراین نیاز است تا پیشینه‌ی پژوهش ‫بر اساس تمایزات آن‌چه زنانه و مردانه است در فرهنگ‌های مختلف غنی­‌ترگردد. از این­رو هدف این پژوهش شناسایی مؤلفه­‌های زنانگی در فرهنگ ایرانی براساس تجربیات زیسته زنان ایرانی است.
 
روش: این مطالعه به روش کیفی و با استفاده از سنت پدیدارشناسی توصیفی انجام­ گردید. زنان بین سنین 30 تا45 سال با روش نمونه­‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند و مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته انجام گرفت. همه‌ِ مصاحبه­‌ها ضبط و سپس خط­ به­ خط دست­نویس ­شد و در نهایت تحلیل و کدگذاری گردید.
 
یافته­‌ها: 18 مصاحبه نیمه ­ساختاریافته انجام شد و از تحلیل تجارب شرکت­ کنندگان پژوهش منجر به شناسایی 146 کد باز، 14 مفهوم و 2 مقوله اصلی در زمینه تجربیات زیسته زنان با مفهوم زنانگی شد که در این مقاله مضمون اصلی  فرهنگ و تأثیرش بر ارائه مفهوم زنانگی مخصوصا در تجربه زیسته زنان ایرانی بررسی شد.
 
نتیجه­‌گیری: درنهایت با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش می‌توان به این موضوع پرداخت که با تگاهی دوباره به جنسیت به جای نگریستن به دوتایی زن و مرد، از زنانگی و مردانگی حرف بزنیم، زنانگی و مردانگی‌ای که، هر کس به فراخور میلش و خواسته‌اش می‌تواند بهره‌ای از آن را داشته باشد تا بتوان از زنانگی و مردانگی چندگانه حرف زد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Study of Capacity to be "Feminine" From Lived-Experience of Iranian Women with Emphasis on Social and Cultural Dimensions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Rahmatian 1
  • Shahriar Shahidi 2
  • Amir Ali Nojoumian 3
  • Fatemeh Bagherian 4
  • Leili Panaghi 5
1 Ph.D. candidate of psychology, Department of psychology and education. Shahid Beheshti University. Tehran.Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Psychology and education.Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of letters and human science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
5 Associate Professor, Family Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim: The feminine and masculine templates change repeatedly across cultures and over time. What we know as femininity or masculinity is related to Western culture, so it is necessary to enrich the sexuality literature with Eastern culture. Accordingly, the aim of this study is the recognition of feminine dimensions in Iranian culture based on Iranian women's lived experiences.
 
Method: The research method is qualitative in terms of interpretive phenomenology. For the investigation of the concept of femininity in this study, the population includes all women who live in Tehran and whose ages are between 30–45 years and who have not had any psychotherapy experience. The sampling method was purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were used. All interviews were recorded, transcribed manually, and finally analyzed using the interpretive analysis method.
 
Results: Eighteen semi-structured interviews with participants were conducted, and the analysis of the interview data led to the identification and classification of 146 open codes, 14 concepts, and 2 main themes related to the lived experiences of Iranian women. In this study, we focused only on the cultural aspects in the concept of femininity in Iranian women's lived experiences.
 
Conclusion: Finally, according to the results of this investigation, we revisit the concept of sexuality instead of talking about the dualism of men and women. Thus, we can speak about the multiplicity and multi-being of femininities and masculinities, from which everyone benefits according to their desire

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Culture
  • Femininity
  • Sexuality

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