اثر مشاهدۀ تصاویر خویش‌انداز زنان تأثیرگذار اینستاگرام بر نگرش و گرایش خانم‌ها به انجام جراحی‌های زیبایی با میانجی‌گری نارضایتی چهره‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثر مشاهدۀ تصاویر خویش‌انداز زنان تاثیرگذار حوزه زیبایی اینستاگرام بر نگرش و گرایش خانم‌ها به جراحی زیبایی با میانجی‌گری نارضایتی‌ چهره‌ای و تعدیلگری گرایش خصلتی به مقایسه ظاهری بالاسو انجام شد. روش: پژوهش از نوع آزمایشی با عامل بین­آزمودنیِ نوع تصاویر اینستاگرامی مورد مشاهده (زنان تاثیرگذار اینستاگرام حوزه زیبایی، زنان بازیگر فعال در اینستاگرام، و تصاویر غیرانسان) بود. شرکت‌کنندگان نمونه‌ای دردسترس از 201 خانم ١٦ تا ٤٠ ساله بودند که پس از مشاهدۀ تصاویر به پرسشنامه‌های نارضایتی‌ چهره‌ای (تیگمان و همکاران، 2018)، نگرش به جراحی زیبایی (هندرسون کینگ و هندرسون کینگ، 2005)، گرایش به انجام جراحی زیبایی، و مقایسه ظاهری بالاسو (اوبرین و همکاران، 2009) پاسخ دادند. به منظور تحلیل داده­ها از تحلیل کواریانس و تحلیل رگرسیون استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: مشاهدۀ تصاویر تاثیرگذاران زیبایی منجر به گرایش بالاتر به انجام جراحی زیبایی بدن نسبت به مشاهدۀ تصاویر بازیگران شد (05/0 > p). نارضایتی چهره‌ای اثر نوع تصاویر مورد مشاهده بر نگرش و گرایش به انجام جراحی زیبایی را میانجی‌گری نکرد. اثر مستقیم نوع تصاویر مورد مشاهده بر بعد درون­فردی نگرش به جراحی زیبایی و گرایش به انجام جراحی زیبایی بدن و صورت معنادار بود (05/0 > ps). گرایش خصلتی به مقایسه ظاهری بالاسو اثر نوع تصاویر مورد مشاهده بر نارضایتی‌ چهره‌ای را تعدیل نکرد. نتیجه‌گیری: ارائۀ تصاویر خویش‌انداز اینستاگرامی کمتر از حد انتظار بر نارضایتی‌ چهره‌ای و بر نگرش و گرایش به انجام جراحی زیبایی تأثیرگذار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Viewing Female Instagram Influencers’ Selfies on Women’s Attitudes and Tendency Toward Cosmetic Surgery as Mediated by Facial Dissatisfaction

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Tamannaei 1
  • Pegah Nejat 2
1 Master of General Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the impact of viewing beauty-related female Instagram influencers' selfies on women’s attitudes and inclination toward cosmetic surgery, exploring the mediating role of facial dissatisfaction and the moderating effect of dispositional upward physical appearance comparison.
 
Method: An experimental design utilized the type of viewed Instagram images (Female Instagram beauty influencers, Actresses active on Instagram, and Non-human) as the between-subjects factor. A convenient sample of 201 women aged 16–40 years participated. Following image exposure, participants completed scales assessing facial dissatisfaction (Tiggemann et al., 2018), attitudes toward cosmetic surgery (Henderson-King & Henderson-King, 2005), tendency toward cosmetic surgery, and dispositional upward physical appearance comparison (O’Brien et al., 2009). Analyses of covariance and regression were employed to examine hypothesized relationships.
 
Results: Viewing beauty influencers’ images led to a higher tendency for cosmetic body surgery compared to actresses' images, with statistical significance at p < .05. Facial dissatisfaction did not mediate the effect of viewed images on attitudes and tendencies toward cosmetic surgery. The direct effect of viewed images on the interpersonal dimension of attitude and the inclination for face and body cosmetic surgery was significant at ps < .05. Dispositional upward physical appearance comparison did not moderate the effect of viewed images on facial dissatisfaction.
 
Conclusion: Contrary to expectations, viewing Instagram selfies, especially those of beauty influencers, had a less-than-expected impact on both facial dissatisfaction and attitudes and tendencies toward cosmetic surgery.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attitude
  • Cosmetic Surgery
  • Facial Dissatisfaction
  • Instagram Influencers

مراجع

Abbas, O. L., & Karadavut, U. (2017). Analysis of the factors affecting men’s attitudes toward cosmetic surgery: Body image, media exposure, social network use, masculine gender role stress, and religious attitudes. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 41(6), 1454-1462.‏ [link]
ASPS (2020). Plastic surgery procedural statistics from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. ASPS American society of plastic surgeons. 2020 Plastic Surgery Statistics Report. [link]
Brehm, J. W. (1966). A Theory of Psychological Reactance. New York, NY: Academic Press. [link]
Buunk, A. P., & Gibbons, F. X. (2007). Social comparison: The end of a theory and the emergence of a field. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 3-21.‏ [link]
Chae, J. (2018). Explaining females’ envy toward social media influencers. Media Psychology, 21(2), 246-262. [link]
Deane, G. (2017). Is it Instagram-Worthy?. An Exploration of the Impact of Instagram on Body Image Perception Among Irish Women aged, 18-24.‏[link]
DeVries, D. A., Möller, A. M., Wieringa, M. S., Eigenraam, A. W., & Hamelink, K. (2018). Social comparison as the thief of joy: emotional consequences of viewing strangers’ Instagram posts. Media psychology, 21(2), 222-245.‏ [link]
Fardouly, J., Pinkus, R. T., & Vartanian, L. R. (2017). The impact of appearance comparisons made through social media, traditional media, and in-person in women’s everyday lives. Body image, 20, 31-39.‏ [link]
Fardouly, J., & Rapee, R. M. (2019). The impact of no-makeup selfies on young women’s body image. Body Image, 28, 128–134. [link]
Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2015). Negative comparisons about one's appearance mediate the relationship between Facebook usage and body image concerns. Body image, 12, 82-88.‏ [link]
Fardouly, J., Willburger, B. K., & Vartanian, L. R. (2018). Instagram use and young women’s body image concerns and self-objectification: Testing mediational pathways. New Media & Society, 20(4), 1380-1395.‏ [link]
Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140. [link]
Gawronski, B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2006). Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: an integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change. Psychological Bulletin, 132(5), 692link‏
Ghasemi, A. (2017). A qualitative study of women's attitudes and perceptions towards their body. Journal of Applied Sociology, 28(4), 173-194. [link]
Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann Jr, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in personality, 37(6), 504-528.‏ [link]
Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (1995). Implicit social cognition: attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological review, 102(1), 4. [link]
Heinberg, L. J., & Thompson, J. K. (1995). Body image and televised images of thinness and attractiveness: A controlled laboratory investigation. Journal of social and clinical psychology, 14(4), 325-338.‏[link]
Henderson-King, D., & Henderson-King, E. (2005). Acceptance of cosmetic surgery: Scale development and validation. Body image, 2(2), 137-149.‏ [link]
Hendrickse, J., Arpan, L. M., Clayton, R. B., & Ridgway, J. L. (2017). Instagram and college women's body image: Investigating the roles of appearance-related comparisons and intrasexual competition. Computers in Human Behavior, 74, 92-100.‏ [link]
Holland, G., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). A systematic review of the impact of the use of social networking sites on body image and disordered eating outcomes. Body image, 17, 100-110.‏ [link]
Iranian surgery. (2019, May 16. ( Rhinoplasty in Iran. [Web log message]. Retrieved from https://iraniansurgery.com/en/rhinoplasty-in-iran
ISAPS Global Statistics. International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery. ISAPS International Survey on Aesthetic /Cosmetic Procedures Performed in 2020. [link]
Khabbaz Sabet, S., Keykhosrovani, M., Poladi Rishehri, A., & Bahrani, M. R. (2022). Relationship between Tendency to Cosmetic Surgery with Attitudes to Fashion and Negative Body Image of Women Applying for Cosmetic Surgery Based on the Type of Surgery: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Emotion Regulation. Social Psychology Research, 12(46), 37-60.  [link]
Khazir, Z., Dehdari, T., & Mahmoodi, M. (2014). Attitude of female medical students towards cosmetic surgery and its relation with body image. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 20 (117), 1-9. [link]
Kleemans, M., Daalmans, S., Carbaat, I., & Anschütz, D. (2018). Picture perfect: The direct effect of manipulated Instagram photos on body image in adolescent girls. Media Psychology, 21(1), 93-110.‏ [link]
Lee, S. Y. (2014). How do people compare themselves with others on social network sites?: The case of Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 253-260.‏ [link]
Ng, C. H. (2019). Impact of Instagram Influencers on Cosmetic Surgery (Doctoral dissertation, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College).[link]
O’Brien, K. S., Caputi, P., Minto, R., Peoples, G., Hooper, C., Kell, S., & Sawley, E. (2009). Upward and downward physical appearance comparisons: Development of scales and examination of predictive qualities. Body Image, 6(3), 201-206.‏ [link]
Payandeh, R., & NematTavousi, M. (2021). The Mediating Role of Internalization of Societal Ideals in the Relationship Between Sociocultural Attitudes and Body Appearance Dissatisfaction. Social Psychology Research, 10(40), 59-74.  [link]
Rastmanesh R, Gluck ME, Shadman Z. (2009). Comparison of body dissatisfaction and cosmetic rhinoplasty with levels of veil practicing in Islamic women Int J Eat Disord, 42 (4): 339–45. [link]
Sadeghi N, Moradi A, Hasani J, Mohammadkhani S. (2018). Cognitive, emotional and behavioral dimensions of body image in women interested in cosmetic surgery. Journal of Dermatology and cosmetic, 9 (2), 100-112. [link]
Sarwer, D. B., Cash, T. F., Magee, L., Williams, E. F., Thompson, J. K., Roehrig, M., ... & Anderson, D. A. (2005). Female college students and cosmetic surgery: An investigation of experiences, attitudes, and body image. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 115(3), 931-938.‏[link]
Sensis. The must-know stats from the 2018 yellow social media report [Internet]. Melbourne: Sensis; 2018 [cited 2019 Sep 10]. Available from: https://www.sensis.com.au/about/our-reports/sensis-social-media-report. [link]
Smith, A., & Anderson, M. (2018). Social media use in 2018. Pew Research Center. [link]
Sun, Q. (2021). Selfie editing and consideration of cosmetic surgery among young Chinese women: The role of self-objectification and facial dissatisfaction. Sex Roles, 84(11), 670-679.‏ [link]
Statista. (2022, May 23). www.statista.com, [Online]. Available. [link]  
Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance. American Psychological Association.‏ [link]
Tiggemann, M., & McGill, B. (2004). The role of social comparison in the effect of magazine advertisements on women's mood and body dissatisfaction. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(1), 23-44.‏ [link]
Tiggemann, M., Brown, Z., Zaccardo, M., & Thomas, N. (2017). “Warning: This image has been digitally altered”: The effect of disclaimer labels added to fashion magazine shoots on women’s body dissatisfaction. Body Image, 21, 107-113.‏ [link]
Tiggemann, M., Hayden, S., Brown, Z., & Veldhuis, J. (2018). The effect of Instagram “likes” on women’s social comparison and body dissatisfaction. Body image, 26, 90-97.‏ [link]
Tiggemann, M., & Zaccardo, M. (2015). “Exercise to be fit, not skinny”: The effect of fitspiration imagery on women's body image. Body image, 15, 61-67.‏ [link]
Tiggemann, M., & Zinoviev, K. (2019). The effect of# enhancement-free Instagram images and hashtags on women’s body image. Body image, 31, 131-138.‏ [link]

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار