چکیدههدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی برنامه تابآوری پنسیلوانیا بر سبکهای اسنادی و سازگاری روانشناختی دانشجویان انجام شد. روش: روش پژوهش شبهتجربی با طرح پیشآزمون، پسآزمون همراه با پیگیری 2 ماهه و جامعه آماری دانشجویان گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی به تعداد 207 بود که به روش نمونهگیری در دسترس 30 نفر از آنها انتخاب و در دو گروه آزمایش و گواه جایگزین شدند و قبل، بعد از آموزش و 2 ماه بعد به پرسشنامه سازگاری روانشناختی دانشجویان با دانشگاه بیکر و سیریاک (1984) و پرسشنامه سبکهای اسنادی پیترسون، سیمل، بییر، آبرامسون، متالسکی و سلیگمن (1982) پاسخ دادند. برنامه تابآوری پنسیلوانیا به شیوه گروهی در 7 جلسه دو ساعته هفتهای یک جلسه به گروه آزمایش آموزش داده شد. یافتهها: نتایج تحلیل کواریانس نشان داد که در کوتاه مدت و بلند مدت برنامه مداخلهای در افزایش سطح سازگاری روانشناختی و الگوی اسنادی خوشبینانه و کاهش الگوی اسنادی بدبینانه دانشجویان موثر بوده است. نتیجهگیری: آمورش برنامه تابآوری پنسیلوانیا را میتوان مداخله مؤثر و کارآمدی درنظر گرفت که با تغییر الگوهای اسنادی بدکارکردی دانشجویان نقش چشمگیری در ارتقای سطح سازگاری روانشناختی آنها ایفا میکند.
سرمد، زهره.، بازرگان، عباس.، و حجازی، الهه. (1383). روشهای تحقیق در علوم رفتاری. تهران: انتشارات آگاه.
شکوهیفرد، سارا.، حمید، نجمه.، و سودانی، منصور. (1392). اثربخشی آموزش سرسختی روانشناختی بر کیفیت زندگی دانشجویان دختر تربیت معلم. دانش و پژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی تابستان، 14(2 پیاپی 52): 25-14.
وطنخواه، حمیدرضا.، نیکآمال، میترا.، و نیکشعار، لیلا. (1390). اثربخشی آموزش بازسازی شناختی بر درماندگی آموختهشده و عزت نفس دانشجویان. تحقیقات روانشناختی، 3(10): 66-55.
وحیدیمطلق، لیدا.، کجباف، محمدباقر.، و صالحزاده، مریم. (1390). اثربخشی درمان شناختی- رفتاری و شناخت درمانی مذهبی بر اضطراب دانشآموزان. مجله علوم رفتاری، 5(3): 201-195.
Amanda, C. D. (2010). Social information processing: The effect of affective ties on children's social goals. Unpublished dissertation. Western Kentucky University.
American Psychological Association. (2009). Teaching resilience, sense of purpose in schools can prevent depression, anxiety and improve grades, according to research. University of Pennsylvania.
Ando, M. (2011). An intervention program focused on self-understanding and interpersonal interactions to prevent psychosocial distress among Japanese university students. Journal of Adolescence, 34(5): 929-940.
Baker, S. R. (2003). A prospective longitudinal investigation of social problem-solving appraisals on adjustment to university, stress, health, and academic motivation and performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(3): 569-591.
Baker, R. W., & Siryk, B. (1984). Measuring adjustment to college. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 31: 179-189.
Bandura, A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51: 269-290.
Brees, J. R. (2012). The relationship between subordinates' individual differences and their perceptions of abusive supervision. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy, The Florida state university college of business.
Gillham, J. E., Brunwasser, S. M., & Freres, D. R. (2008). Preventing depression in early adolescence: The penn resiliency program. In J. R. Z. Abela & B. L. Hankin (Eds.), Handbook of depression in children and adolescents. (pp. 309–322). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Brunwasser, S. M.; Gillham, J. E.; & Kim, E. S. (2009). A meta-analytic review of the penn resiliency program’s effect on depressive symptoms. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(6): 1042–1054.
Buchanan, G. M., Gardenswartz, C. A., & Seligman M. E. P. (1999). Physical health following a cognitive-behavioral intervention. Prevention and Treatment, 2(10): 159-171.
Cohen, J. S., & Miller, L. J. (2009). Interpersonal mindfulness training for well-being: A pilot study with psychology graduate students. Teachers College Record, 111(12): 2760-2774.
Forgeard, M. J. C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2012). Seeing the glass half full: A review of the causes and consequences of optimism. Pratiques psychologiques, 18: 107-120.
Jameson, R. P. (in press). The effects of a hardiness educational intervention on hardiness and perceived stress of junior baccalaureate nursing students. Nurse Education Today.
Juklova, K. (2012). Evaluation of cognitive and metacognitive training in university students with a specific learning disability. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69: 14-17.
Ilkhchi, S. V., Poursharifi, H., & Alilo, M. (2011). The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group therapy on self-efficacy and assertiveness among anxious female students of high schools. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30: 2586-2591.
Harve. P., & Martinko, M. J. (2009). Attribution theory and motivation. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, LLC. 147-164.
Hewitt, A. K., Foxcroft, D. R., & MacDonald, J. (2004). Multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analysis of the attributional style questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 37: 1483-1491.
Hirokawa, K., Yagi, A., & Miyata, Y. (2002a). An examination of the effects of stress management training for Japanese college students of social work. International Journal of Stress Management, 9(2): 113-123.
Hirokawa, K., Yagi, A., & Miyata, Y. (2002b). Effects of stress coping strategies on psychological and physiological responses during speeches in Japanese and English. Social Behavior and Personality, 30(2): 203-212.
Hudley, C., Britsch, B., Wakefield, W. D., Smith, T., Demorat, M., & cho, S. (1998). An attribution retraining program to reduce aggression in elementary school students. Psychology in the Schools, 35(3): 271-281.
Kardmil, E. V., Reivich, K. J., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). The prevention of depressive symptoms in low-income minority middle school students. Prevention & Treatment, 5(8):1-31.
Kaniel, R., Massey, C., & Robinson, D. T. (2010). The importance of being an optimist: Evidence from labor markets. The national bureau of economic research, 1-42.
Keogh, E., Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E. (2006). Improving academic performance and mental health through a stress management intervention: Outcomes and mediators of change. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44: 339-357.
King, R. B., & Gaerlan, M. J. M. (2014). High self-control predicts more positive emotions, better engagement, and higher achievement in school. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 29: 81–100.
Kordt, E., & Standing, C. (2007). Always the optimist? Proceedings of conference on information management and internet research (CIMIR). Perth: We-B centre, Edith Cowan University, 272-281.
Naber, J., & Wyatt, H. T. (2014). The effect of reflective writing interventions on the critical thinking skills and dispositions of baccalaureate nursing students . Nurse Education Today, 34(1): 67-72.
Peng, L., Li, M., Zuo, X., Miao, Y., Chen, L., Yu, Y., Liu, B., & Wang, T. (2014). Application of the Pennsylvania resilience training program on medical Students. Personality and Individual Differences, 47-51, 61-62.
Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychological Association. 55(1): 44-55.
Peterson, C., Semel. A., Von Beayer, C., Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Seligman, M. E. P. (1982). The attribution style questionnaire. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 6: 229- 286.
Peterson, C., & Steen, T. )2009(. Optimistic explanatory style. In: Snyder, C., Lopez, S. (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press, New York, 313-321.
Pool, D. L., & Qualter, P. (2012). Improving emotional intelligence and emotional self-efficacy through a teaching intervention for university students. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(3): 306-312.
Putwain, D. W., Larkin, D., & Sander, P. (2013). A reciprocal model of achievement goals and learning related emotions in the first year of undergraduate study. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 38: 361-374.
Rasmussen, H. N., Scheier, M. F., & Greenhouse, J. B. (2009). Optimism and physical health: A meta-analytic review. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37(3): 239-256.
Regehr, C., Glancy, D., & Pitts, A. (2013). Interventions to reduce stress in university students: A review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148(1): 1-11.
Reivich, K. J., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Master resilience training in the U. S. Army. American Psychologist, 66(1): 25–34.
Sakurai, T., McCall-Wolf, F., & Kashima, E. S. (2010). Building intercultural links: The impact of a multicultural intervention program on social ties of international students in Australia. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(2): 176-185.
Sang, H, Y. Gyung-Hee, K., & Jiyoung, K. (2011). Effectiveness of an interpersonal relationship program on interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, and depression in nursing students. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 41(6): 805- 813.
Seifert, T. L. (2004). Understanding student motivation. Educational Research, 46(2): 137-149.
Schwarzer, R., & Knoll, N. (2007). Functional roles of social support within the stress and coping process: A theoretical and empirical overview. International Journal of Psychology, 42: 243–252.
Seligman, M. E. P., Ernstb, R, M., Gillham. C. J., Reivich, K., & Linkinsd, M. (2009). Positive education: Positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford Review of Education. 35(3): 293–311.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Positive psychology, positive prevention, and positive therapy. In C. R. Snyder, & s. J. Lopez (Eds). The handbook of positive psychology. New York: Oxford Press.
Seligmana, M. E. P., Ernstb, R, M., Gillham. C. J., Reivich, K., & Linkinsd, M. (2009). Positive education: positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford Review of Education. 35(3): 293–311.
Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychology. 61: 774-788.
Steinhardt, M. A., & Dolbier, C. L. (2008). Evaluation of a resilience intervention to enhance coping strategies and protective factors and decrease symptomatology. Journal of American College Health, 56(4): 445-453.