اثر تهدید القایی در سطوح متفاوت مجاورت بر نوع‌دوستی محدود و مؤلفه‌های آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثر تهدید القایی در سطوح متفاوت مجاورت بر نوع‌دوستی محدود انجام شد.
 
روش: این پژوهش یک مطالعة آزمایشی از نوع طرح‌های عاملی بین‌آزمودنی با دو عامل شرایط تهدید (تهدید القا شده در برابر شرایط کنترل) و مجاورت (بالا در برابر متوسط در برابر پایین) بود. جامعة آماری پژوهش را تمامی شهروندان ایرانی‌ فارسی‌زبان سه شهر تهران، قم و همدان تشکیل دادند که 192 نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترسی انتخاب شده و شرکت‌کنندگان هر شهر (64 نفر) به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل گمارده شدند. گروه آزمایش با روش آماده‌سازی تحت القای شرایط تهدیدآمیز قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها با استفاده از بازی دیکتاتور، پرسشنامة نگرش نسبت به مهاجران و بازی خشونت جمع‌آوری و با روش تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیرة دوراهه تحلیل شد.
 
یافته‌ها: اثر تعاملی مجاورت و تهدید القایی بر رفتار خشونت‌آمیز نسبت به اعضای گروه‌های خارجی معنادار بود، درحالی‌که این اثر تعاملی برای رفتار نوع‌دوستانه درون‌گروهی معنادار نبود. همچنین نوع‌دوستی محدود تأیید نشد.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که اثر تهدید القایی بر میزان خشونت برون‌گروهی افراد در سطوح مجاورت متفاوت است. بااین‌وجود، اثر تهدید بر رفتار نوع‌دوستانه درون‌گروهی به سطح مجاورت بستگی ندارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Induced Threat in Different Levels of Proximity on Parochial Altruism and its Components

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Nikakhtar 1
  • Mohammad Erfan Memarian 2
  • Abbas Zabihzadeh 3
  • Zohreh Rafezi 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.A. in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of induced threat in different levels of proximity on parochial altruism.
 
Method: The research method was experimental, utilizing a between-subject factorial design with two factors: condition of threat (induced threat vs. control condition) and proximity (high vs. medium vs. low). The statistical population of the study consisted of all Persian-speaking Iranian citizens of Tehran, Ghom, and Hamedan, with 192 individuals selected using the availability sampling method. Participants from each city (64 individuals) were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Individuals in the experimental group were primed with the threat induction condition. Data were collected using the Dictator Game, a questionnaire on attitudes towards immigrants, and an aggression game. Data were analyzed by two-way multivariate analysis of covariance.
 
Results: The results showed that the interactional effect of proximity and induced threat on aggressive behavior towards out-group members was statistically significant, whereas this interactional effect was not statistically significant for in-group altruistic behavior. Parochial altruism was not supported.
 
Conclusion: Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that the effect of induced threat on the amount of out-group aggression depends on the level of proximity. However, the effect of threat on in-group altruistic behavior does not depend on the level of proximity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aggressive Behavior
  • Parochial Altruism
  • Proximity
  • Threat
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