نقش واسطه‌ای طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه در رابطه بین سبک‌های دلبستگی با اضطراب کرونا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش واسطه‌ای طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار اولیه در رابطه میان سبک‌های دلبستگی و اضطراب کرونا صورت گرفت. روش: طرح پژوهش، توصیفی از نوع همبستگی از طریق الگویابی مدل معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه پژوهشی شامل تمامی دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی مرکز آموزش عالی پلدختر در سال تحصیلی 400-1399 بودند که برای انتخاب گروه نمونه آماری به تعداد قابل کفایت برای آزمون مدل با توجه به نظر کلاین (2015) در ازای هر متغیر 20 نفر نمونه در نظر گرفته شد. روش نمونه‌گیری با توجه به جدی شدن خطر کرونا به صورت غیراحتمالی و پرسشنامه آنلاین بود. به منظور گردآوری داده‌ها از مقیاس اضطراب کرونا ویروس (CDAS)، پرسشنامه طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار یانگ فرم‌کوتاه (YSQ-SF) و مقیاس دلبستگی بزرگسالان (AAS) استفاده شد. برای انجام تحلیل آماری از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS-22 و AMOS-24 استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که با توجه به شاخص­­های نیکویی برازش، مدل تدوین شده از برازش مطلوبی برخوردار است (08/0=RMSEA، 90/0=GFI، 91/0=AGFI). سبک دلبستگی اجتنابی (23/0= β) و طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار (78/0= β) اثر مستقیم و معناداری بر اضطراب کرونا دارند. همچنین نتایج غیرمستقیم مسیرها نشان داد که دلبستگی ایمن با واسطه‌گری طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار می‌تواند از میزان اضطراب کرونا بکاهد؛ اما سبک‌های دلبستگی اجتنابی و دوسوگرا با واسطه‌گری طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار می‌توانند بر اضطراب کرونای دانشجویان بیفزایند. نتیجه‌گیری: مطالعه نشان داد با افزایش سبک دلبستگی اجتنابی میزان اضطراب کرونا کاهش یافت و طرح‌واره‌های ناسازگار در رابطه بین سبک‌های دلبستگی با اضطراب کرونا نقش واسطه‌ای داشت و موجب افزایش این اثر شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the Relationship Between Attachment styles with Corona Anxiety

نویسنده [English]

  • houshang garavand
Assistant Professor, Psychology Department, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the mediatory role of the early maladaptive schemas in relationship attachment styles and corona anxiety. Method: The study design was descriptive-correlational through structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all Undergraduate students Poldokhtar Higher Education Center in the academic year 2020-2021, who were selected to a statistical sample group with a sufficient number to test the model according to Klein (2015) for each variable 20 Samples were considered. The sampling method was non-probability and an online questionnaire. The instruments used in the study included the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). SPSS-22 and AMOS-24 software were used for statistical analysis. Results: In regards to the fitness indices, the results of the structural equation modeling indicate that the presented model has an appropriate fitness (RMSEA = 0.08, GFI = 0.90, AGFI = 0.91). Avoidant attachment style (β = 0.23) and maladaptive schemas (β = 0.78) have a direct and significant effect on corona anxiety.  Also indirect pathway results showed that secure attachment style mediated by maladaptive schemas could reduce corona anxiety; but avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles mediated by maladaptive schemas can add to students' corona anxiety. Conclusion: The study showed that with increasing avoidant attachment style, corona anxiety decreased, and maladaptive schemas had a mediating role in the relationship between attachment styles with corona anxiety and increased this effect.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attachment Styles
  • Early Maladaptive Schemas
  • Corona Anxiety

مراجع

Bach, B., Lockwood, G., & Young, J. E. (2018). A new look at the schema therapy model: Organization and role of early maladaptive schemas. Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 47(4), 328-349. [Link]
Bajema, K. L., Oster, A. M., McGovern, O. L., Lindstrom, S., Stenger, M. R., Anderson, T. C., . . . Chu, V. T. (2020). Persons evaluated for 2019 novel coronavirus—United States, January 2020. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 69(6), 166. [Link]
Bassak, N. S., & Jabari, M. (2018). The Comparison of Early Maladaptive Schemas, Identity Styles and Parent-Child Relations between Addicted and Non-Addicted Women in Ahvaz. Journal of Woman & Society, 9(33), 1-16. [Link]
Bosmans, G., Braet, C., & Van Vlierberghe, L. (2010). Attachment and symptoms of psychopathology: Early maladaptive schemas as a cognitive link? Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 17(5), 374-385. [Link]
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. [Link]
Cámara, M., & Calvete, E. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas as moderators of the impact of stressful events on anxiety and depression in university students. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34(1), 58-68. [Link]
Camara, M., & Calvete, E. (2012). P-122-Cognitive schemas predicting anxiety and depressive symptoms: the role of dysfunctional coping strategies. European Psychiatry, 27(S1), 1-1. [Link]
Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464-494. [Link]
Doinita, N. E., & Maria, N. D. (2015). Attachment and parenting styles. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 203, 199-204. [Link]
Gewelt, S. E. (2017). Early Maladaptive Schemas in Anxiety Disorders-An Investigation of Schemas' Relation to Symptoms in a Complex Sample. [Link]
Gordon, K. W. (2008). The multidimensionality of peer victimization and patterns of relating in attachment: ProQuest. [Link]
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(3), 511. [Link]
Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry research, 288, 112954. [Link]
Hudson, J. L., & Rapee, R. M. (2004). From Anxious Temperament to Disorder: An Etiological Model. [Link]
Johnson, S. M. (2019). Attachment Theory. Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy, 169-177. [Link]
Jones, D. S. (2020). History in a crisis—lessons for Covid-19. New England journal of medicine, 382(18), 1681-1683. [Link]
Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: Guilford publications. [Link]
Leahy, R. L., Holland, S. J., & McGinn, L. K. (2011). Treatment plans and interventions for depression and anxiety disorders: Guilford press. [Link]
Leary, M. R. (2015). Emotional responses to interpersonal rejection. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 17(4), 435. [Link]
Lee, S. M., Kang, W. S., Cho, A.-R., Kim, T., & Park, J. K. (2018). Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Comprehensive psychiatry, 87, 123-127. [Link]
Li, S., Wang, Y., Xue, J., Zhao, N., & Zhu, T. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active Weibo users. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(6), 2032. [Link]
Martin, R., & Young, J. (2010). Schema therapy. Handbook of cognitive-behavioral therapies, 317. [Link]
 Mason, O., Platts, H., & Tyson, M. (2005). Early maladaptive schemas and adult attachment in a UK clinical population. Psychology and psychotherapy: Theory, research and practice, 78(4), 549-564. [Link]
Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G., & Guarino, A. J. (2016). Applied multivariate research: Design and interpretation: Sage publications. [Link]
Moccia, L., Janiri, D., Pepe, M., Dattoli, L., Molinaro, M., De Martin, V., . . . Sani, G. (2020). Affective temperament, attachment style, and the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak: an early report on the Italian general population. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 87, 75-79. [Link]
Nathan, G. (2003). Methodologies for internet surveys and other telesurveys. Paper presented at the Proceedings of Exchange of Technology and Know-how and the Fourth New Techniques and Technologies for Statistics (NTTS) Seminar. [Link]
Passanisi, A., Sapienza, I., Budello, S., & Giaimo, F. (2015). The relationship between guilt, shame and self-efficacy beliefs in middle school students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 1013-1017. [Link]
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior research methods, 40(3), 879-891. [Link]
Roberts, J. E., Gotlib, I. H., & Kassel, J. D. (1996). Adult attachment security and symptoms of depression: the mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and low self-esteem. Journal of personality and social psychology, 70(2), 310. [Link]
Roelofs, J., Lee, C., Ruijten, T., & Lobbestael, J. (2011). The mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relation between quality of attachment relationships and symptoms of depression in adolescents. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 39(4), 471-479. [Link]
Safford, S. M. (2002). The relationship of attachment style and cognitive style to depression, anxiety and negative affectivity: Temple University. [Link]
Schreiber, J. B., Nora, A., Stage, F. K., Barlow, E. A., and King, J. (2006). Reporting structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis results: A review. The Journal of educational research, 99(6), 323-338. [Link]
Simard, V., Moss, E., & Pascuzzo, K. (2011). Early maladaptive schemas and child and adult attachment: A 15‐year longitudinal study. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84(4), 349-366. [Link]
Torres, C. (2002). Early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in psychopathy and narcissism. [Link]
Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(5), 1729. [Link]
Wearden, A., Peters, I., Berry, K., Barrowclough, C., & Liversidge, T. (2008). Adult attachment, parenting experiences, and core beliefs about self and others. Personality and individual differences, 44(5), 1246-1257. [Link]
Yao, H., Chen, J.-H., & Xu, Y.-F. (2020). Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 1-12. [Link]
Young .J. (1990). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema – Focused approach . Sarasota . FL. Professional resource exchange Inc. [Link]
Zeynel, Z., & Uzer, T. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences lead to trans-generational transmission of early maladaptive schemas. Child abuse & neglect, 99, 104235. [Link]
 

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار