Factor structure and psychometric properties of the positive psychotherapy inventory (PPTI)

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

Abstract
Aim: Aim of present study is an attempt to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the positive psychotherapy inventory among students of Shahid Beheshti University. Methods: Method research was correlational and statistical population were 976 (647 female and 329 male) students that selected as research sample by full enumeration. The instruments included the positive psychotherapy inventory Rashid & Seligman (2013), the satisfaction with life scale Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin (1985), The Ryff short form psychological well-being Ryff (1989), and the depression, anxiety and stress scale Lovibond (1995). The factor validity of the PPTI, by confirmatory and exploratory analysis methods and internal consistency by Cronbach's alpha were obtained. Results: From the 25 items initially included in the research process, 3 items were omitted due to lack of any significant correlation. The analysis of the principle components via varimax rotation revealed that the PPTI consists of five components (positive emotions, engagement, meaning, relationships and accomplishment). The reliability of the inventory was estimated at 0.84. Furthermore, the correlation between this inventory and the satisfaction with life, psychological well-being and depression, anxiety and stress scales demonstrates the inventory’s concurrent and discriminant validity. Conclusion: In sum, the results demonstrated the applicability of the PPTI to the Iranian sample to evaluate the outcome of positive psychotherapy.

Keywords: factor structure, Positive attitude, psychometric properties, psychotherapy inventory

Keywords

References

  1. بیانی، علی‌اصغر.، کوچکی، عاشور‌محمد.، و گودرزی، حسنیه. (1386). اعتبار و روایی مقیاس رضایت از زندگی (SWLS). فصلنامه روان‌شناسان ایرانی. 3 (11): 265-259.
  2. سفیدی، فاطمه.، و فرزاد، ولی‌الله. (1391). رواسازی آزمون بهزیستی روان‌شناختی ریف در دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین. مجله علمی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین. 6 (1): 71- 66.
  3. شکری، امید.، کدیور، پروین.، فرزاد، ولی‌الله.، دانشپور، زهره.، دستجردی، رضا و پاییزی، مریم. (1387). بررسی ساختار عاملی نسخه‌های 3، 9 و 14 سؤالی مقیاس بهزیستی روان‌شناختی ریف در دانشجویان. فصلنامه روان‌پزشکی و روان‌شناسی بالینی. 14 (2): 161- 152.
  4. شکری، امید. (1388). مقایسه الگوی روابط علّی پیشایندها و پسایندهای استرس تحصیلی دانشجویان دختر و پسر در پارادایم‌های فرهنگی جمع‌گرا و فردگرا. رسالة دکتری رشته روان‌شناسی تربیتی. دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت معلم تهران.
  5. صاحبی، علی.، اصغری، محمد‌جواد و سالاری، راضیه سادات. (1384). اعتباریابی مقیاس افسردگی اضطراب تنیدگی (DASS-21) برای جمعیت ایرانی. روان‌شناسی تحولی: روان‌شناسان ایرانی. 1 (4): 312- 299.
  6. عرب، علی.، شهیدی، شهریار و باقریان، فاطمه. (1390). اثربخشی آموزش بخشایش بر میزان خشم و مؤلفه‌های آن در افراد متأهل. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی کاربردی. 5 (4): 25-7.
  7. کاکاوند، علیرضا.، شمس اسفند‌آباد، حسن.، دانش، عصمت و قالبی‌حاجیوند، رستم. (1389). رابطه سبک‌های شوخ‌طبعی دانشجویان با سلامت عمومی آن‌ها. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی کاربردی. 4 (2): 43-32.
  8. Burton, C. M., & King, L. A. (2004). The health benefits of writing about intensely positive experiences. Journal of Research in Personality, 38: 150–163.
  9. Cheavens, J. S., Feldman, D. B., Gum, A., Michael, S. T., & Snyder, C. R. (2006). Hope therapy in a community sample: A pilot investigation. Social Indicators Research, 77: 61–78.
  10. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. New York: HarperCollins.
  11. Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49: 71‐ 75.
  12. Duckworth, A. L., Steen, T. A., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Positive psychology in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1: 629- 646.
  13. Emmons, R. A., & McCullough, M. E. )2003(. Counting blessings versus burdens: an experimental investigation of gratitude and subject wellbeing in daily life. Journal of personality and social psychology, 84(2): 377– 389.
  14. Fava, G. A., Ruini, C., Rafanelli, C., Finos, L., Salmaso, L., & Mangelli, L. (2005). Wellbeing therapy of generalized anxiety disorder. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 74, 2: 6– 30.
  15. Fava, G. A., & Ruini, C. (2003). Development and characteristics of a well-being enhancing psychotherapeutic strategy: Well-being therapy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34: 45– 63.
  16. Fleming, A. W. (2006)."Positive Psychology "Three Good Things in Life" and Measuring Happiness, Positive and Negative Affectivity, Optimism/Hope, and Well-Being" Counselor Education Master's Theses. Paper 32. The College at Brockport: State University of New York.
  17. Frisch, M. B. (2006). Quality of life therapy: Applying a life satisfaction approach to positive psychology and cognitive therapy. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  18. Guney, S .(2011). The positive psychotherapy inventory (PPTI): reliability and validity study in Turkish population. Procedia- social and behavioral sciences, 29: 81- 86.
  19. Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicator Research, 46 (2): 137– 155.
  20. Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Sydney: The Psychology Foundation of Australia Inc.
  21. Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2002). The concept of flow. In C. R. Snyder, S. J. & Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 89–105). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  22. Nathaniel, M. L., Frank, D. F., & Tyler, F. S. (2012). Gratitude and depressive symptoms: The role of positive reframing and positive emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 26, 4: 615- 633
  23. Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association and Oxford University Press.
  24. Rashid, T. (2008). Positive Psychotherapy. In Lopez, S. J. (Ed.) Positive psychology: Exploring the best in people. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Company.
  25. Rashid, T., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2013). Positive psychotherapy: A treatment manual. New York: Oxford University Press.
  26. Reed, G. L., & Enright, R. D. (2006). The effects of forgiveness therapy on depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress for women after spousal emotional abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74: 920–929.
  27. Ryff. C. D., & Singer. B. H. (2006). Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being. Social science Research, 35(4): 1103- 1119.
  28. Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5): 410, 414- 419.
  29. Seligman, M. E. P., Rashid, T., & Parks, A. C. (2006). Positive psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 61(8): 774- 778,781-786.
  30. Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). Authentic happiness: Using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. New York: Free Press.
  31. Seligman, M. E. P. (2012). Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Wellbeing. New York: Free Press.
  32. ***

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics