Effect of Parenting Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Parenting Ability in Mothers of Children with Hearing Loss

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Psychology and Education of People with Special Needs, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology and Education of People with Special Needs, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

3 Department of Curriculum, Instruction & Special Education, University of Virginia, U.S.A

10.48308/apsy.2025.239274.1792

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of parenting training based on acceptance and commitment on parenting ability in mothers of children with hearing loss.
Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population included all the mothers of 4 to 6-year-old children with hearing loss in Shiraz in 2022-2023. 30 people were selected through a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people). Bamrind parenting styles questionnaire was used to collect data. For the experimental group, the parenting training program based on acceptance and commitment was implemented weekly in 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the data was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA).
Findings: The findings showed that parenting based on acceptance and commitment led to a significant improvement in mothers’ authoritative parenting style at post-test and follow-up (F= 6.741, P= 0.03). In addition, this program significantly reduced authoritarian (F= 45.812, P= 0.001) and permissive (F= 24.951, P= 0.001) parenting styles at post-test and follow-up.
Conclusion: The parenting training based on acceptance and commitment can empower mothers of children with hearing loss.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Aghaziarati, A., Ashori, M., Norouzi, G., & Hallahan, D. P. (2022). Presenting a model of challenges of raising preschool children with hearing loss based on grounded theory: A qualitative study. Applied Psychology, 16(4), 160-133. DOI: 10.52547/apsy.2022.225743.1257
Ashori, M. (2022). Psychology, education & rehabilitation of people with hearing impairment (1st ed.). Isfahan University. https://press.ui.ac.ir/book191.html
Asta, B., Sateki̇n, M. Ç., Uzdi̇l, N., & Yilmaz, S. T. (2024). The effect of having a child with hearing impairment on parents. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 177, 111864. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.111864
Azizi, M., Sepehri, S., & Demehri, F. (2021). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy combined with Compassion-Focused Therapy on behavioral problems and mother-child interactions in children with hearing impairment. Auditory and Vestibular Research, 30(4), 256-263.  DOI: 10.18502/avr.v30i4.7473
Barabadi, B., Barabadi, H. A., & Heydarnia, A. (2022). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based parenting training on parenting styles of mothers with mentally retarded children. Journal of Counseling Research, 20(80), 184-209. DOI: 10.18502/qjcr.v20i80.8489
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4(1- 2), 1-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037
Baumrind, D. (2005). Patterns of parental authority and adolescent autonomy. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 25(108), 61-69. DOI: 10.1002/cd.128
Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 11, 56-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431691111004
Bosca, D.M, Cojocaru, D. (2023). The influence of parenting styles on adolescent development. Revista de Cercetare si Interventie Sociala, 82, 65-77, DOI: 10.33788/rcis.82.5
Byrne, G., Ghráda, Á. N., O’Mahony, T., & Brennan, E. (2021). A systematic review of the use of acceptance and commitment therapy in supporting parents. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 94(2), 378-407. DOI: 10.1111/papt.12282
Coyne, L. W., &  Murrell, A. R. (2009). The joy of parenting: An acceptance & commitment therapy guide to effective parenting in the early years. New Harbinger Publications. https://www.amazon.ca/Joy-Parenting-Acceptance-Commitment-Effective/dp/157224593X
Fang, Y., Luo, J., Boele, M., Windhorst, D., van Grieken, A., & Raat, H. (2022). Parent, child, and situational factors associated with parenting stress: a systematic review. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 33(6), 1687-1705. DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02027-1
Flaherty, S. C., & Sadler, L. S. (2022). Parenting stress among adolescent mothers: an integrative literature review. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 44(7), 701-719. DOI: 10.1177/01939459211014241
Jalil-Abkenar, S. S. (2025). The effectiveness of schema-based parenting on parental acceptance and fatigue in mothers of students with intellectual disability. Applied Psychology, 19(2), 80-102. DOI: 10.48308/apsy.2025.237931.1742
Hayes, S. C., & King, G. A. (2024). Acceptance and commitment therapy: What the history of ACT and the first 1,000 randomized controlled trials reveal. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 33, 100809. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100809
Gunjawate, D. R., Ravi, R., & Driscoll, C. (2023). Stress among parents of children with hearing loss and how they deal with it: A systematic review. International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology, 27(1), 166-177. DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743273
Garcia, Y., Keller-Collins, A., Andrews, M., Kurumiya, Y., Imlay, K., Umphrey, B., & Foster, E. (2022). Systematic review of acceptance and commitment therapy in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, caregivers, and staff. Behavior Modification, 46(5), 1236-1274. DOI: 10.1177/01454455211027301
Hakimzadeh, A., Mousavizadeh, S. N., Shafighi, A., & Tehrani, F. J. (2024). Evaluation of parental stress and quality of life among Iranian parents of hearing-impaired children with cochlear implantation history: A cross-sectional and descriptive-correlational study. Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics, 15(1), e141029. DOI: 10.5812/jcp-141029
Hallahan, D. P., Pullen, P. C., & Kauffman, J. M. (2023). Exceptional learners (15th Ed). Pearson Education, Inc. https://www.amazon.com/Exceptional-Learners-Introduction-Special-Education-ebook/dp/B09STKPCL3
Han, A., Yuen, H. K., & Jenkins, J. (2021). Acceptance and commitment therapy for family caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(1), 82–102. DOI: 10.1177/1359105320941217
Johny, J., & Babu, J. (2023). Child-rearing practices and anxiety of parents of children with physical disabilities. Asian Review of Social Sciences, 12(1), 34-38. DOI: 10.51983/arss-2023.12.1.3354
Johnson, B., & West, R. (2021). Ableist contours of Down syndrome in Australia: Facebook attitudes towards existence and parenting of people with Down syndrome. Journal of Sociology, 57(2), 286-304. DOI: 10.1177/1440783319893474
Marino, F., Failla, C., Chilà, P., Minutoli, R., Puglisi, A., Arnao, A. A., & Pioggia, G. (2021). The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy for improving psychological well-being in parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Sciences, 11(7), 880. DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070880
Maughan, A. L., Lunsky, Y., Lake, J., Mills, J. S., Fung, K., Steel, L., & Weiss, J. A. (2024). Parent, child, and family outcomes following acceptance and commitment therapy for parents of autistic children: A randomized controlled trial. Autism, 28(2), 367-380. DOI: 10.1177/13623613231172241
Minaei, A., & Nikzad, S. (2017). The factor structure and validity of the Persian version of the Baumrind parenting style inventory. Journal of Family Research, 13(1), 91-108. https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_97546.html?lang=en
Mohammadinejad, M., & Niknejadi, F. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on psychological well-being and resilience of mothers with a deaf daughter in the city of Isfahan. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 21(2), 22-31. DOI: 10.30486/jsrp.2019.573628.1443
Nikkhoo, F., & Fathipoor, S. (2023). The effectiveness of the training protocol based on acceptance and commitment on psychological distress and parenting stress of mothers with deaf children. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 20(50), 178-166. DOI: 10.22111/jeps.2023.46177.5454
Osmani, H., & Najari, M. (2022). Investigating the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on the quality of life and marital satisfaction of mothers of deaf and hard of hearing children. The Journal of New Advances in Behavioral Sciences, 7(55), 121-112. http://ijndibs.com/article-1-665-fa.html
Reeder, J., & Morris, J. (2021). Managing the uncertainty associated with being a parent of a child with a long-term disability. Child: Care, Health and Development, 47(6), 816-824. DOI: 10.1111/cch.12889
Sealy, J., McMahon, C., & Sweller, N. (2023). Parenting deaf children: Exploring relationships between resolution of diagnosis, parenting styles and morale, and perceived child vulnerability. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(9), 2761-2775. DOI: 10.1007/s10826-023-02579-z
Stephenson, K. G., Fenning, R. M., Macklin, E. A., Lu, F., Norris, M., Steinberg-Epstein, R., & Butter, E. M. (2023). Child behavior problems and parenting stress in underserved families of children with ASD: Investigation of family resources and parenting self-efficacy. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(10), 3787-3798. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05681-1
Steiner, E. M., & Dahlquist, L. (2022). Intolerance of uncertainty and protective parenting: the mediating role of maternal appraisals and the moderating role of child health status. Children's Health Care, 51(3), 263-284. DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2021.2007771
Smogorzewska, J., & Osterhaus, C. (2023). A matter of style? Parenting behaviors of mothers of typically-developing children, children with mild intellectual disability, and deaf or hard-of-hearing children. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20(1), 86-106. DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2022.2039618
Shalini, K., Uloopi, K. S., Vinay, C., Ratnaditya, A., RojaRamya, K. S., & Chaitanya, P. (2023). Impact of parenting style on child's behavior and caries experience in 3–6-year-old children: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 16(2), 276-279. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2517
Thomas, G. M. (2021). Dis-mantling stigma: Parenting disabled children in an age of neoliberal-ableism. The Sociological Review, 69(2), 451-467. DOI: 10.1177/0038026120963481
Vasiou, A., Kassis, W., Krasanaki, A., Aksoy, D., Favre, C. A., & Tantaros, S. (2023). Exploring parenting styles patterns and children’s socio-emotional skills. Children, 10(7), 1126. DOI: 10.3390/children10071126
Zhang, X., Xie, J., Wu, W., Cao, L., Jiang, Z., Li, Z., & Li, Y. (2024). The mediation effect of mental resilience between stress and coping style among parents of children with cochlear implants: Cross-sectional study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 74(1), 1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.10.042
Applied Psychology

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 14 September 2025

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics