The Effectiveness of Group Counseling Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Body Image and Self-Esteem of Female University Students

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 kharazmi uni

2 kharazmi University

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the current study was the determination of the effectiveness of group counseling based on the treatment of acceptance and commitment on the body image and self-esteem of female students. Methods: Method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group. Statistical population include female students of Kharazmi University. Using convenient sampling method, 24 people were selected from them and randomly assigned to two experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. The number of members in the experimental group was reduced to 8, and therefore 8 people were included in both groups. The research instruments were the Self-Esteem Scale Questionnaire (Rosenberg, 1965) and the Multidimensional Questionnaire on Relationships with the Body (Cash, 2000). The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy-based group counseling for 15 sessions. The duration of each session was 2 hours. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control group in terms of body image. There was also a significant difference in self-esteem between the two groups. These results were also consistent at the follow-up stage. Conclusion: It can be said that group counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy improves girls 'self-image and self-esteem and can be used to improve problems related to girls' self-image and self-respect.

Keywords


Adams, K. E., Tyler, J. M., Calogero, R., & Lee, J. (2017). Exploring the relationship between appearance-contingent self-worth and self-esteem: The roles of self-objectification and appearance anxiety. Body Image23, 176 [Link].
Benedict, C., Philip, E. J., Baser, R. E., Carter, J., Schuler, T. A., Jandorf, L., ... & Nelson, C. (2016). Body image and sexual function in women after treatment for anal and rectal cancer. PsychoOncology, 25, 316-323 [Link].
Brown, J. D. (2014). Self-esteem and self-evaluation: Feeling is believing. Psychological Perspectives on the Self, 4, 27-58 [Link].
Cash, T. F. (2000). The multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire users’ manual. Available from the author at www. body-images. Com [Link].
Cash, T. F. (2016). Multidimensional body–self relations questionnaire (MBSRQ). Encyclopedia of Feeding and Eating Disorders, 1-4 [Link].
 Fardouly, J., & Vartanian, L. R. (2016). Social media and body image concerns: Current research and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 9, 1-5 [Link].
Ferrer-García, M., & Gutiérrez-Maldonado, J. (2012). The use of virtual reality in the study, assessment, and treatment of body image in eating disorders and nonclinical samples: a review of the literature. Body Image, 9, 1-11 [Link].
Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., McCabe, M., Skouteris, H., Richardson, B., Nihill, K., Watson, B., & Solomon, D. (2015). Does body satisfaction influence self-esteem in adolescents' daily lives? An experience sampling study. Journal of Adolescence45, 11-19 [Link].
Greenberger, E., Chen, C., Dmitrieva, J., & Farruggia, S. P. (2003). Item-wording and the dimensionality of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: do they matter?. Personality and Individual Differences, 35, 1241-1254 [Link].
Grossbard, J. R., Lee, C. M., Neighbors, C., & Larimer, M. E. (2009). Body image concerns and contingent self-esteem in male and female college students. Sex Roles, 60, 198-207 [Link].
Hayes, S. C., & Strosahl, K. D. (Eds.). (2004). A practical guide to acceptance and commitment therapy. Springer Science & Business Media [Link].
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25 [Link].
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy: The process and practice of mindful change. Guilford Press [Link].
Latner, J. D., Knight, T., & Illingworth, K. (2011). Body image and self-esteem among Asian, Pacific Islander, and White college students in Hawaii and Australia. Eating Disorders, 19, 355-368 [Link].
Marshall, S. L., Parker, P. D., Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. C. (2014). Is self‐esteem a cause or consequence of social support? A 4‐year longitudinal study. Child Development, 85(3), 1275-1291 [Link].
Messer, S. B., & Gurman, A. S. (Eds.). (2011). Essential psychotherapies: Theory and practice. Guilford Press [Link].
Mountford, V., Haase, A. M., & Waller, G. (2007). Is body checking in the eating disorders more closely related to diagnosis or to symptom presentation?. Behavior Research and Therapy, 45, 2704-2711 [Link].
 Mountford, V. A., Brown, A., Bamford, B., Saeidi, S., Morgan, J. F., & Lacey, H. (2015). BodyWise: evaluating a pilot body image group for patients with anorexia nervosa. European Eating Disorders Review, 23, 62-67 [Link].
Oney, C. N., Cole, E. R., & Sellers, R. M. (2011). Racial identity and gender as moderators of the relationship between body image and self-esteem for African Americans. Sex Roles, 65, 619-631 [Link].
Orth, U., & Robins, R. W. (2013). Understanding the link between low self-esteem and depression. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(6), 455-460 [Link].
Perloff, R. M. (2014). Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex Roles, 71, 363-377 [Link].
Pullmann, H., & Allik, J. (2000). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: its dimensionality, stability and personality correlates in Estonian. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 701-715 [Link].
Rice, K., Prichard, I., Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2016). Exposure to Barbie: Effects on thin-ideal internalization, body esteem, and body dissatisfaction among young girls. Body Image19, 142-149 [Link].
Rosen, J. C. (2013). Body image disorder: Definition, development, and contribution to eating disorders. The Etiology of Bulimia: the Individual and Familial Context, 157-177 [Link].
Schmitt, D. P., & Allik, J. (2005). Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in 53 nations: exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology89(4), 623 [Link].
Slater, A., & Tiggemann, M. (2016). Little girls in a grown up world: Exposure to sexualized media, internalization of sexualization messages, and body image in 6–9 year-old girls. Body Image, 18, 19-22 [Link].
Stapleton, P., Crighton, G. J., Carter, B., & Pidgeon, A. (2017). Self-esteem and body image in females: The mediating role of self-compassion and appearance contingent self-worth. The Humanistic Psychologist45, 238 [Link].
Thelen, M. H., Lawrence, C. M., & Powell, A. L. (2013, February). Body image, weight control, and eating disorders among children. In The Etiology Of Bulimia Nervosa: The Individual and Familial Context: Material Arising From The Second Annual Kent Psychology Forum, Kent (p. 81) [Link].