واکاوی تجربه زیسته دانشجویان ناسازگار از ابعاد ناسازگاری در دانشگاه: پژوهش کیفی پدیدارشناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روان شناسی تربیتی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه روان شناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان شناسی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

هدف: بر اساس مطالعه، بسیاری از دانشجویان، سال اول دانشگاه را یکی از دوره‌های زمانی پراسترس و چالش‌زای زندگی می‌دانند و قادر به سازگاری مناسب با آن نیستند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی تجارب زیسته دانشجویان با سازگاری پایین سال اول دانشگاه در خصوص مشکلات و چالش‌های سازگاری با دانشگاه انجام شد. روش: روش پژوهش کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته جمع‌آوری شد و با رویکرد 7 مرحله‌ای کلایزی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. جامعه پژوهش کلیه دانشجویان با سازگاری پایین دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بندرعباس در سال تحصیلی 1399-1400 بودند. نمونه‌گیری به شیوه هدفمند تا زمان رسیدن به اشباع داده‌ها بر روی 18 دانشجوی با سازگاری پایین انجام شد. یافته‌ها: تحلیل کیفی پدیدارشناسی منجر به استخراج 7 مضمون اصلی و 33 مضمون فرعی شد. مشکلات ارتباطی و اجتماعی، باورهای غیرمنطقی، مشکلات هیجانی، مشکلات انگیزشی، مشکلات یادگیری، مشکلات محیط خانواده و مشکلات محیط دانشگاه مضامین اصلی شناسایی شده بودند. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که دانشجویان ناسازگار مشکلات درون‌فردی و محیطی متعددی را در سازگاری با دانشگاه تجربه می‌کنند؛ لکن سهم عوامل درون فردی از عوامل محیطی بیشتر بود. بنابراین با توجه به ماهیت چند بعدی مشکلات دانشجویان لازم است در جهت افزایش سازگاری دانشجویان با دانشگاه مداخلات چند جانبه صورت گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the Lived Experience of Maladjusted Students from the Dimensions of Maladjustment in University: Qualitative Phenomenological Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • samira chenari 1
  • shahram vahedi 2
  • Mansour Bayrami 3
  • ali gharadaghi 4
1 PhD Student of Educational Psychology, Department of Educational Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz,, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim: According to the research, many students consider the first year of university as one of the challenging and stressful periods of life and they can’t properly adjust to it. The goal of this research was to study the lived experiences of students with low adjustment in the first year of university to determine problems and challenges of adjustment to university. Method: The research method was qualitative phenomenological. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step method. The study’s population was the Bachelor’s students with low adjustment in Bandar Abbas Islamic Azad University, in the 1399-1400 academic year. The Purposeful sampling method was conducted on 18 students with low adjustment until reaching data saturation. Results: Qualitative phenomenological analysis led to the extraction of seven main themes and thirty-three sub-themes. Social and communication problems, emotional problems, irrational beliefs, learning problems, motivational problems, family and university environment problems were determined as the main themes. Conclusion: The results indicated that maladjusted students experience numerous intrapersonal and environmental problems in adjusting to university. However, the intrapersonal factors share was higher than environmental factors. Thus, due to the multi-dimensional nature of students' problems, it is essential to conduct multilateral interventions to increase students' adjustment to university.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adjustment to University
  • Lived Experience
  • Maladjusted Students
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