تدوین برنامه آموزشی کارکردهای اجرایی و ارزیابی اثربخشی آن بر بهبود بازداری پاسخ و حافظه‌کاری کودکان پیش‌دبستانی: پژوهش مورد منفرد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی، دانشکده روانشناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

3 دکترای روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

4 استاد گروه روانشناسی و آموزش کودکان استثنایی، دانشکده روانشناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران

10.48308/apsy.2024.237123.1712

چکیده


هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف تدوین برنامه آموزشی کارکرد‌های اجرایی و ارزیابی اثربخشی آن بر بهبود بازداری پاسخ و حافظه‌کاری در کودکان پیش‌دبستانی انجام شد.
روش: پژوهش حاضر نیمه‌آزمایشی از نوع مورد منفرد و طرح A-B با پیگیری بود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را کودکان عادی ۵ تا ۶ ساله شهرستان کرج در سال ۱۴۰۱ تشکیل می‌دادند که از این جامعه، تعداد سه کودک از طریق نمونهگیری دردسترس و بر اساس ملاک‌های ورود انتخاب شدند. برنامه مداخله‌ای تدوین‌شده در ۱۶ جلسه به‌صورت انفرادی اجرا شد. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از آزمون برو/ نرو جهت ارزیابی بازداری پاسخ و آزمون ان- بک (N- BACK) برای ارزیابی حافظه‌کاری استفاده شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، از نمودار‌های تحلیل دیداری، ارزیابی محفظه ثبات و روند تغییر، ناهمپوشی داده‌ها و درصد بهبودی استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج مبتنی بر تحلیل دیداری و همچنین درصد داده‌های ناهمپوش (PND) نشان داد که برنامه آموزشی کارکرد‌های اجرایی بر بهبود بازداری پاسخ و حافظه‌کاری هر سه آزمودنی اثربخش بوده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: برنامه آموزشی کارکرد‌های اجرایی را می‌توان از سنین پیش از دبستان جهت ارتقا سطح این کارکرد‌ها به کار برد و این برنامه می‌تواند توسط والدین، معلمان و درمانگران حیطه کودک مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Compilation of Training Programs for Executive Functions and Investigating its Effectiveness on improving these Functions in Preschool Children : Single Subject Design

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Hakimirad 1
  • asgar alimohamadi 2
  • Zahra Aminabadi 3
  • Hamid Alizadeh 4
1 Assistant professor, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant professor of psychologt and education of exceptional children, Faculty of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'I University, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD of educational psychology, allameh Tabataba'i University, Teahran. Iran
4 Professor of psychologt and education of exceptional children, Faculty of Psychology, Allameh Tabataba'I University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aim: The present study was conducted with the aim of developing an executive function training program and evaluating its effectiveness on improving response inhibition and working memory in preschool children.
Method: The current research was a semi-experimental type of single case and A-B design with follow-up. The statistical population of this research consisted of normal children aged 5 to 6 years old in preschool centers in Karaj province in 2023, and from this population, three normal children were selected through available sampling and based on the entry criteria. The intervention program developed in 16 sessions was implemented individually. To collect data, Go/ No go test was used to evaluate response inhibition and N-BACK test was used to evaluate working memory. In order to analyze the data, Visual analysis was done with trend indicators, percentage of non-overlapping data and percentage of overlapping data.
Results: The results based on visual analysis and of non-overlapping data showed that Executive functions training program have a significant effect on improving of working memory and response inhibition in all of three subjects.
Conclusion: The executive function training program can be used from preschool age to improve the level of these functions and this program can be used by parents, teachers and child therapists.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Executive Functions
  • Preschool
  • Response Inhibition
  • Working Memory
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