Effectiveness of the coping therapy in reducing behavioral- emotional problems and improvement of prosocial behavior of children

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

Aim: Involvement of parents in coping therapy designed to help to their children. This can reduce these negative outcomes. The aim of present study was to examine the efficacy of coping therapy in reducing Behavioral- Emotional problems and improvement of proscoial behavior in children. Method:. This study was carried out as semi experimental and pretest posttest and a follow up doing with a comparision group. The sampling was made using in available method. First 5 kindergartens was chosen from which 60 individual was selected. At the end, two groups of children randomly selected and the mothers were also randomly assigned to two groups of experiment(31) and comparison(29) group. The experimental group had 12 intervention sessions of coping therapy. The comparison group had no intervention. At the end of treatment, a post test was taken from both groups. And repeated after six months later. They completed the Strenghts and difficulties questionnaire (Goodman, 1994). Quantative data were analyzed using pretest-posttest, correlation coefficient, and multiple analyses. Results: Results indicated that after intervention :children in the experimental group showed lower level of Behavioral- Emotional problems, as compared to mothers in control group. Children of mothers in experimental group showed higher levels of prosocial behavior than children of mothers in control group. Conclusion: Coping Therapy is effective method in Reducing Behavioral- Emotional problems and improvement of prosocial behavior in children.

Keywords


  1. آقایوسفی، علیرضا. دادستان، پریرخ. منصور، محمود. اژه ای، جواد. (1380). نقش عوامل شخصیتی بر راهبردهای مقابله ای و تاثیر روش مقابله درمانگری بر عوامل شخصیتی و افسردگی. پایان نامه دکتری روان شناسی، تهران، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، دانشکده علوم انسانی.
  2. آقایوسفی، علیرضا. (1378). معرفی جدیدترین روی آوردهای روان درمانگری. چاپ اول، قم: انتشارات شهریار.
  3. - آقایوسفی، علیرضا. زارع، حسین. (1388). اثربخشی مقابله درمانگری بر کاهش استرس زنان دارای بیماری قلبی. مجله علوم رفتاری، 3(3) 93-187.
  4. خدادادی، محمد. (1383). هنجاریابی پرسشنامه شیوه های مقابله با استرس (لازاروس- فولکمن) و مقایسه این شیوه ها بین دانشجویان دختر و پسر. پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد روان شناسی، تهران، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، دانشکده روان شناسی و علوم تربیتی.
  5. خوشابی، کتایون. فرزادفر، زینب. کاکا سلطانی، بابک. پوراعتماد، حمیدرضا. نیکخواه، حمیدرضا. (1389). بررسی راهبردهای مقابله ای و میزان تنیدگی در مادران کودکان مبتلا به اتیسم و مقایسه آن با مادران کودکان عادی .فصلنامه خانواده پژوهی: 6(21): 87-97.
  6. دادستان، پریرخ. احمدی ازغندی، ع .، حسن آبادی، ح .ر. (1385). تنیدگی والدینی و سلامت عمومی : پژوهشی درباره رابطه تنیدگی حلصل از والدگری. فصلنامه روانشناسان ایرانی، 7، 171-184.
  7. سپهریان، فیروزه. رضایی، زمانه. میزان شیوع اضطراب امتحان و تاثیر مقابله درمانگری بر کاهش میزان آن و افزایش عملکرد تحصیلی دانش آموزان دختر دبیرستانی. (1389). برنامه ریزی درسی- دانش و پژوهش در علوم تربیتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوراسگان. شماره 25 بهار.
  8. فرزادفر، زینب. هومن، حیدر علی.(1386). نقش آموزش مهارتهای فرزندپروری بر کاهش تنیدگی و مشکلات رفتاری کودکان. فصلنامه روانشناسان ایرانی، 4(15)، 277-292.
  9. مطیعی، گلاره. آقایوسفی، علیرضا. چوبسار، فرزانه. شقاقی، فرهاد. (1390). اثربخشی مقابله درمانگری بر احساس تنهایی زنان نابارور. فصلنامه روانشناسی کاربردی، سال پنجم، شماره 3(19)، پاییز 1390، 85-98.
  10. Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting stress index. (PSI): manual . Odessa, FL: Psychological assessment resources, Inc.
  11. Abidin, R. R. (1995). The Parenting Stress Index Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources
  12. Abidin, R. R.(1996). Early childhood parenting skills. Psychological Assessment Resource, Inc.
  13. Abidin, R. R. (1996). Early childhood parenting skills workbook. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
  14. Abidin, R. R. (1997). The Parenting Stress Index: A measure of the parent-child system. In C. P. Zalaquett and R. J. Woods (Eds.), Evaluating Stress. Lathan, MD: University Press of America.
  15. Achenbach, T. M. Rescola, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school age : from profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
  16. Baker, B. L. Heller, T. L. (1996). Preschool children with externalizing behavior : Experience of fathers and mothers. Journal of Abnormal child psychology, 24, 513-532.
  17. Barkley, R. A., Fisher, m., Smallish, L., Fletcher, k. (2002).” Persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder into adulthood as a function of reporting source and order into adulthood as a function of reporting source and definition of disorder”. Journal of abnormal psychology, 111, 269-289.
  18. Buchanan, A., Flouri, E., (2001). “Recovery after age 7 from externalizing behaviour problems: The role of risk and protective clusters”. Children and Youth Services Review, 23, 899-914.
  19. Cicchtti, D., Rogosch, F. A., Toth, S. (2000). The efficacy of toddler-parent psychotherapy for fostering cognitive development in offspring of depressed mothers. Journal of Abnormal Child psychology, 28(2): 135-148.
  20. Crawford, A. M., Manassis, K. (2001). Familial predictors of treatment outcome in childhood anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of child Adolescent psychiatry, 40: 1182-1189.
  21. Gimpel, G. A., Holland, M.L. (2002). Emotional and behavioral problems of young children: Effective interventions in the preschool and kindergarten years. ISBN.
  22. Goldberg, S., Janus, M., Washington, J., Simmons, R., J., Mac Lasky, I., Fowler, R., S.(1997). Prediction of preschool behavioral problems in healthy and pediatric sampeles. Developmental and Behavioral pediatrics, 18: 304-313.
  23. Crnic, K. A., Greenberg, M. T..(1990). Minor parenting stresses with young children. Child development, 61: 1628-1637.
  24. Goodman, R., (1997). “The strengths and difficulties questionnaire : A research note”. Journal Of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38: 581-586.
  25. Goodman, R. (1994). “A modified version of the Rutter parent questionnaire including extra items on children’s strengths: A research note”. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35:1483-1494.
  26. Goodman, R. (2001). “Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire”. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 40 (11): 1337-1345.
  27. Goodman, R., Scott, S. (1999). “Comparing the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checklist: Is small beautiful?” Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27 (1): 17-24.
  28. Heller, T.L. Baker, B. L. Henker, B., Hinshaw, S. P. (1996). Externalizing behavior and cognitive functioning from pre-school to first grade: Stability and predictors. Journal of clinical child psychology,25: 376-387.
  29. Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. Am J Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316-331.
  30. Rutter, M. (1997). Protective factors: Independent or interactive? Leetter to the editor. Journal of American Academy of Child Adolescenc Psychiatry, 30, 151- 155.
  31. Kahkonen, P. (1999). The assessment of parenting in child welfare practice. Children and youth Services Review, 21 (7): 581-603.
  32. Kazdin, A. E., Kaemer, H. C., Kessler, R. C., Kupfer, D. J., Offord, D. R. (1997). “Contributions of risk factor research to developmental psychopathology”. Clinical Psychology Review, 17: 375-406
  33. Lavee, Y., Sharlin, S., Katz, R. (1996). The effect of parenting stress on marital quality. Journal of Family Issues, 17 (1): 114-135.
  34. Mcdaniel, M., Slack, S. S. (2005). Major life events and the risk of a child maltreatment investigation. Children and youth services review, 27: 171-195.
  35. Mash, E. J., Johnston, C. (1990). Determinants of parenting stress: Illustrations from families of hyperactive children and families of physically abused children. Journal of clinical child psychology. 19:313- 338.
  36. Masten, A., Coatsworth, J. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments: lessons from research on successful children. American Psychologist, 53: 205-220.
  37. Pinderhughes, E., Dodge, K., Bates, J., Pettit, G., Zelli, A. (2000). Discipline responses: Influences of parents socioeconomic status, ethnicity, beliefs about parenting, stress, and cognitive emotional processes. Journal of Family Psychology, 14 (3): 380-400.
  38. Urquiza, A., J, Timmer, S. (2012). Parent-child interaction therapy : Enhancing parent child relationships. Psychosoial Interventtion. 21(2):145-156.
  39. Wyman, P.A., Cowen, E.L., Work, W. C., Raoof, A., Gribble, P. A., Parker, G. R., Wannon, M. (1992). Interviews with children who experienced major life stress: family and child attributes that predict resilient outcomes. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescenc Psychiatry, 31, 904-910.