Applied Psychology

Applied Psychology

The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Training in The professional stress and life stress of Working Mothers

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
H Azari Astane 1
M Hatami 2
H Hashemi Razini 3
1 *.Corresponding author, M. A. in clinical psychology
2 . Associate professor, Department of psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
3 . Assistant professor, Department of psychology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Stress is associated with all Human life and is very important in determining human health and disease. Recognition, prevention and treatment maternal stress and stress their professional has special importance. Aim: Present research with the aim of the studying the efficacy of training of mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) in the reduction of occupying mothers in proportion to mother-infant has carried out. The way of the present search is a study quasi-experimental. Methods: The method of its pre-test and post-test with control and experimental groups. In this research, nurse mothers of Rasht with the tool of measurement, with high stress have been recognized and among them 30 persons of nurses who have achieved the highest rate of stress, in the way of convenience sampling, have been selected. Participants were administered by the Philip L. rice job stress questioner and parenting stress index(PSI) questioners.12 persons as experimental group that were under training of mindfulness based stress reduction (Kabat-Zinn) have been located and 12 persons control group who have not been under intervention. Result: From both group pre-test have taken, then experimental group were under training of mindfulness based stress reduction for 8 weeks, but, the controlled group didn’t receive any training. The level of stress in both groups was assessed before and after the training. Information obtained from the questionnaires was analyzed by Repeat measure. Conclusion: The findings showed that mindfulness based stress reduction training influence in reduction of life stress of occupying mothers. Also the findings showed that mindfulness based stress reduction in the reducing of job stress of occupying mothers and in traits mother-infant are effective.
Keywords
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Training- Stress- Professional stress- Life stress
  1. استورا. (1386). تنیدگی یا تنش (بیماری جدید تمدن). ترجمه پریرخ دادستان. چاپ دوم. تهران. انتشارات رشد. (تاریخ انتشار به‌زبان اصلی، 2005).
  2. بختیاری، آزاده.، و عابدی، احمد. (1391). اثربخشی درمان گروهی مبتنی بر الگوی فراشناختی ذهن‌آگاهی انفصالی بر افسردگی پس از زایمان. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی کاربردی، 6(2 پیاپی 22): 24-9.
  3. حاتمی، محمد (1387). اثربخشی آموزش تنیدگی‌زدایی شناختی رفتاری بر کاهش تنیدگی‌ مادران شاغل بر حسب ویژگی‌های مادر-کودک. پژوهش در سلامت روان‌شناختی. 2(2 پیاپی 6): 89-79.
  4. حاتمی، محمد. (1377). تعیین تنیدگی مادران شاغل و غیرشاغل برحسب ویژگی‌های مادر-کودک و تأثیر شیوه درمانگری تنیدگی‌زدایی بر کاهش آن. رساله دکتری روان‌شناسی، رشته روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانـشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران.
  5. دشت‌بزرگی، زهرا.، بختیارپور، سعید.، امیری‌مجد، مجتبی.، علیزاده، مرجان.، علی‌پورخدادای، شهلا.، و ابافت، حمیده. (1391). مقایسه فرسودگی شغلی و سلامت روانی کادر درمانی بیمارستان‌های روانی و غیرروانی. یافته‌های نو در روان‌شناسی، 7(3 پیاپی 24): 129-113.
  6. دنیوی، وحید.، کوهیان، کیوان.، سلیمانی‌میگونی، سعید.، و اکبری، مرتضی. (1391). بررسی مقیاس حیطه استرس شغلی در پرستاران یکی از بیمارستان‌های نظامی تهران. فصلنامه پرستار و پزشک در رزم، 10(1 و 2): 14-9.
  7. فرزاد، ولی‌اله.، هومن، حیدرعلی.، و فلاح، فاطمه. (1388). بررسی ویژگی‌های روان‌شناختی آزمون تنیدگی والدینی روی والدین دانش‌آموزان دوره ابتدایی، فصلنامه تحقیقات روان‌شناختی (دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی)، 1(2): 32-17.
  8. قاسمی، معصومه.، قهرمانی، زینب.، واحدیان‌عظیمی، امیر.، و قربانی، فاطمه. (1390). استرس شغلی پرستاران مراکز آموزشی درمانی شهر زنجان. مجله علمی دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، 8(1): 51-42.
  9. کاویانی، حسین.، حاتمی، ندا.، و شفیع‌آبادی، عبداله. (1387). اثر شناخت‌درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی بر کیفیت زندگی افراد افسرده. مجله تازه‌های علوم شناختی، 10(4): 48-39.
  10. کلدوی، علی.، برجعلی، احمد.، فلسفی‌نژاد، محمدرضا.، و سهرابی، فرامرز. (1391). اثربخشی مدل پیشگیری از بازگشت بر پایه ذهن‌آگاهی در پیشگیری از بازگشت و انگیزش در افراد وابسته به مواد افیونی. مجله روان‌شناسی بالینی، 3(4): 79-69.
  11. گل‌پرور، محسن.، نیری، شیرین.، و مهداد، علی. (1389). الگوی پیشگیری از استرس شغلی، فرسودگی هیجانی و رفتارهای انحرافی از طریق مدیریت، رهبری و ارزش‌های اخلاق. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی کاربردی، 4(1 پیاپی 13): 25-7.
  12. محمدی‌شیرمحله، فاطمه.، جمهری، فرهاد.، کراسکیان، آدیس.، و ملیحی‌الذاکرینی، سعید. (1395). اثربخشی ذهن‌آگاهی بر کاهش اضطراب و قند خون بیماران دیابتی با نوع شخصیت بازدارنده. فصلنامه روان‌شناسی کاربردی، 10(2 پیاپی 38): 165-139.
  13. موسویان، نرگس.، مرادی، علی‌رضا.، میرزایی، جعفر.، شیدفر، فرزاد.، محمودی‌کهریز، بهرام.، و طاهری، فاطمه. (1389). اثربخشی شناخت‌درمانی مبتنی بر ذهن‌آگاهی بر کاهش چاقی. مجله اندیشه و رفتار (روان‌شناسی کاربردی)، 4(4 پیاپی 16): 58-49.
  14. Abidin, R. R. (2010). Introduction to the special issue: The stress of parenting. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19(1): 298-301.
  15. Arch, J., & Craske, M.G. (2010) Laboratory stressors in clinically anxious and non-anxious individuals: The moderating role of mindfulness. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(6): 495-505.
  16. Arch, J.J., Ayers, C.R., Baker, A., Almklov, E., Dean, D.J., & Craske, M.G. (2013). Randomized clinical trial of adapted mindfulness-based stress reduction versus group cognitive behavioral therapy for heterogeneous anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(4–5): 185–196.
  17. Barnhofer, T., Crane, C., Hargus, E., Amarasinghe, M., Winder, R., & Williams, M. (2009). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy as a treatment for chronic depression: A preliminary study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(5): 366–373.
  18. Boyaci, K., Sensoy, F., Beydag, K.D., & Kiak, M. (2014). Stress and stress management in health institutions procedia. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152(7): 470–475.
  19. Cherkin, D.C., Sherman, K.J., Balderson, B.H., Cook, A.J., Anderson, M. L., HAWKES, R.J., Hansen, K.E., & Turner, J.A. (2016). Effect of mindfulness-nased stress reduction vs cognitive behavioral therapy or usual care on back pain and functional limitations in adults with chronic low back pain: A randomized clinical trial. Journal AMA, 315(12): 22-29.
  20. Cohen-Katz, J., Wiley, S., Capuano, T., Baker, D.M., Deitrick, L., & Shapiro, S. (2005). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on nurse stress and burnout a qualitative and quantitative study. Holist Nurs Pract, 9(2):78–86.
  21. Cramer, H., Lauche, R., Haller, H., & Dobos, G. (2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis of yoga for low back pain. Clin Journal Pain, 29(5):450-60.
  22. Dekeyser, M., Raes, P., Lejssen, M. L., & Saraand, D. D. (2008). Mindfulness skills and interpersonal behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(5): 1235-1245.
  23. Epstein D.G. (2010). Extinguish workplace stress. Nursing Management, 41(10): 34–37.
  24. FlugelColle, K. F., Vincent, A., Cha, S., Loehrer, L., Bauer, B. A., & Wahner-Roedler, D. L. (2010). Measurement of quality of life and participant experience with the mindfulness-based stress reduction program. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 16(1): 36–40.
  25. Glazer, S., & Gyurak, A. (2008). Sources of occupational stress among nurses in five countries. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(1): 49–66.
  26. Goldin, P.R., & Gross, J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder: Stanford University. Clinical and Neuroscience Perspectives, 10(1): 83–91.
  27. Henderson, VP., Clemow, L., Massion, AO., Hurley, TG., Druker, S., & Hebert, JR. (2012). The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on psychosocial outcomes and quality of life in early-stage breast cancer patients: a randomized trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 131(1): 99-109.
  28. Hofmann, S.G., Sawyer, A.T., Witt, A.A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2): 169-183.
  29. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003), Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology. Science and Practice, 10(1): 144–156.
  30. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2012). Mindfulness for beginners: Reclaiming the present moment-and your life, Canada.Vol. 4, Boulder. Colorado. Sounds true Inc.
  31. Kahen, R. I. (2006). Stress in organization. Handbook of Industrial and Organization Psychology, 3(1): 571-650.
  32. Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer Publishing Company.
  33. Lu, K., Chang, L.C., & Wu, H.L. (2007). Relationships between professional commitment, job satisfaction, and work stress in public health nurses in Taiwan. Journal of Professional Nursing, 23(2): 110–116.
  34. MacCoon, D., Imel, Z., Rosenkranz, M., Sheftel, J., Weng, H., Sullivan, T., Bonus, K., Stoney, C., Salomons, T., Davidson, R., & Lutz, A. (2012). The 146 validation of an active control intervention for mindfulness based on stress reduction (MBSR). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(1): 3-12
  35. Mahoney, F. (2009). The relationship between parenting stress and maternal responsiveness among mothers of children with developmental problems. Doctoral thesis. Case Western Reserve University.
  36. Mawdsley, H. (2010). The transactional relation between child behavior problems and parenting stress and the impact of coping and social support within families who have children with developmental disabilities. Doctoral thesis. Department of counseling, developmental, and educational psychology. Boston College.
  37. Mitmansgruber, H., Beck, T., & Schüßler, G. (2008). Mindful helpers”: Experiential avoidance, meta-emotions, and emotion regulation in paramedics. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(1): 1358–1363.
  38. Morone, NE., Lynch, C.S., Greco, C.M.,Tindle, H.A., & Weiner, DK. (2008). I felt like a new person." the effects of mindfulness meditation on older adults with chronic pain: Qualitative narrative analysis of diary entries. The Journal of Pain, 9(9): 841-848.
  39. Semple, R. J., Reid, E.F. G., & Miller, L. (2005). Treating anxiety with mindfulness: an open trial of mindfulness training for anxious children. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 19(4): 379-392.
  40. Shapiro, S., Brown, K.W., Thoresen, C., & Plante, T.G. (2011). The moderation of mindfulness-based stress reduction effects by trait mindfulness: results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(3): 267–277.
  41. Shapiro, S.L., Brown, K.W., Thoresen, C., & Plante, T.G. (2011). The moderation of mindfulness-based stress reduction effects by trait mindfulness: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 67(3): 267–277.
  42. Shapiro. S.L., Carlson L.E., Astin, JA., & Freedman, B. (2006). Mechanisms of mindfulness. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(3): 373-86.
  43. Speca, M., Carlson, L.E., Goodey, E. & Angen, M. (2000). A randomized, wait-list controlled clinical trial: the effect of a mindfulness meditation-based stress reduction program on mood and symptoms of stress in cancer outpatients. Psychosom Med, 62(5): 613-22.
  44. Stahl, B., & Goldstein, E. (2010). A mindfulness-based stress reduction workbook.Canada: New Herbinger Publication, Inc.
  45. Tyrka, A.R., Wier, L., Price, L.H., Ross, N., Anderson, G.M., Wilkinson, C.W., & Carpenter, L. (2008). Childhood parental loss and adult hypothalamic pituitary adrenal function. Biological Psychiatry, 15(12): 1147–1154.
  46. Yeoungsuk, S., & Lindquist, R. (2015). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress and mindfulness in Korean nursing students. Nurse Education Today, 35(1): 86–90.
  47. ***