The impact of computerized cognitive rehabilitation on prospective memory in patients with traumatic brain injury

Document Type : Original Article

Abstract

Abstract
Aim: Purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of computerized cognitive rehabilitation on prospective memory performance in patients with traumatic brain injury. Methods: Method was experimental with pretest & posttest design with waiting-list control. Study population included all patients with brain injury who referred to neurologists in the city of Shahrekord in Iran (N=150). 52 patients with traumatic brain injury, who met the inclusion criteria, were randomly assigned to experimental and waiting-list control groups. Experimental group trained for eight sessions with a memory rehabilitation software and waiting-list control group did not receive any intervention. Training for this group was postponed after the conclusion of training the experimental group. To assess prospective memory at pretest, posttest, and follow-up, the retrospective-prospective memory Scale Crawford, et al. (2003) was used. Results: Findings showed a significant difference between the means of prospective memory in experimental and waiting-list control groups. Also, post-test and follow-up scores in the experimental group were not statistically different. Conclusion: Computerized cognitive rehabilitation has a significant effect on prospective memory performance in patients with traumatic brain injury. Hence, it can be used as an effective and helpful method to improve memory performance of these patients.

Key words: brain injury, prospective memory, cognitive rehabilitation

Keywords

References

  1. ارجمندنیا، علی اکبر.، شریفی، علی.، و رستمی، رضا. (1393). اثربخشی برنامهی تمرین رایانهای شناختی بر عملکرد حافظهی فعال دیداری-فضایی دانشآموزان با مشکلات ریاضی. مجله ناتوانی‌های یادگیری. 3(4): 24- 6.
  2. باعزت، فرشته. (1386). اثر شیوه های درمانی نوروسایکولوژیک در کارامدی خواندن دانش آموزان با نارساخوانی تحولی نوع ادراکی. فصلنامه روان شناسی کاربردی. 2(8): 158- 141.
  3. باعزت، فرشته. (1388). اثر مداخله های نوروسایکولوژی در کارآمدی خواندن و نوشتن دانش آموزان ابتدایی دچار نارساخوانی تحولی نوع زبان شناختی: مطالعه تک آزمودنی. فصلنامه روان شناسی کاربردی. 3(11): 19- 7.
  4. زارع، حسین.، علی پور، احمد.، و مصطفایی، علی. (1393). هنجاریابی و روایی پرسشنامه حافظه گذشته‎ نگر –آینده ‎نگر. شناخت اجتماعی. 3(پیاپی 5): 65- 45.
  5. کرمی نوری.، اعراب شیبانی، خدیجه. (1386). بررسی و مقایسه انواع حافظه رویدادی و معنایی در سالمندان و جوانان. فصلنامه روان شناسی کاربردی. 3(11): 19- 7.
  6. قمری گیوی، حسین.، نریمانی، محمد.، و محمودی، هیوا. (1391). اثربخشی نرم‌افزار پیشبرد شناختی بر کارکردهای اجرایی، بازداری پاسخ و حافظه کاری کودکان دچار نارساخوانی و نقص توجه/ بیش فعالی. فصلنامه ناتوانی‌های یادگیری. 3(2): 115- 98.
  7. Bergman, M. M. (2002). The benefits of a cognitive orthotic in brain injury rehabilitation. The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 17(5): 431–445.
  8. Björkdahl, A., Akerlund, E., Svensson, S., & Esbjörnsson, E. (2013). A randomized study of computerized working memory training and effects on functioning in everyday life for patients with brain injury. Brain Injury, 27, 1658–65.
  9. Canty, A. L., Fleming, J., Patterson, F., Green, H. J., Man, D., & Shum, D. H. K. (2014). Evaluation of a virtual reality prospective memory task for use with individuals with severe traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 24(December), 238–65.
  10. Centers for disease control and prevention (CDC). (2010). What are the leading causes of TBI?
  11. Cicerone KD, Dahlberg C, Malec, JF, Langenbahn DM, Felicetti T, Kneipp S, et al. (2005). Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: Updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(8): 1681-1692.
  12. Crawford, J. R., Smith, G., Maylor, E. a, Della Sala, S., & Logie, R. H. (2003). The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ): Normative data and latent structure in a large non-clinical sample. Memory (Hove, England), 11(3): 261–75.
  13. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. -G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2): 175–191.
  14. Fish, J. E., Manly, T., Kopelman, M. D., & Morris, R. G. (2014). Errorless learning of prospective memory tasks: An experimental investigation in people with memory disorders. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 25(2):1-30.
  15. Fish, J., Wilson, B. A., & Manly, T. (2010). The assessment and rehabilitation of prospective memory problems in people with neurological disorders: a review. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20(2): 161–79.
  16. Fleming, J. M., Shum, D., Strong, J., & Lightbody, S. (2005). Prospective memory rehabilitation for adults with traumatic brain injury: a compensatory training programme. Brain Injury: [BI], 19, 1–10.
  17. Fleming, J., Riley, L., Gill, H., Gullo, M. J., Strong, J., & Shum, D. (2008). Predictors of prospective memory in adults with traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 14, 823–831.
  18. Gontkovsky, S. T., McDonald, N. B., Clark, P. G., & Ruwe, W. D. (2002). Current directions in computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation. NeuroRehabilitation, 17(3): 195–199.
  19. Haslam, C., Moss, Z., & Hodder, K. (2010). Are two methods better than one? Evaluating the effectiveness of combining errorless learning with vanishing cues. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol, 32(9): 973–985.
  20. Hu, X. -B., Feng, Z., Fan, Y. -C., Xiong, Z. -Y., & Huang, Q. -W. (2012). Health-related quality-of-life after traumatic brain injury: A 2-year follow-up study in Wuhan, China. Brain Injury, 26(2):183-7.
  21. Kaschel, R., Sala, S. Della, Cantagallo, A., Fahlböck, A., Laaksonen, R., & Kazen, M. (2002). Imagery mnemonics for the rehabilitation of memory: A randomised group controlled trial. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 12(2):127-153.
  22. Kessels, R. P. C., & de Haan, E. H. F. (2003). Implicit learning in memory rehabilitation: a meta-analysis on errorless learning and vanishing cues methods. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(6): 805–814.
  23. Kinch, J., & McDonald, S. (2001). Traumatic Brain Injury and Prospective Memory: An Examination of the Influences of Executive Functioning and Retrospective Memory. Brain Impairment, 2(2):119-130.
  24. Kliegel, M., Martin, M., McDaniel, M. a., & Einstein, G. O. (2002). Complex prospective memory and executive control of working memory: A process model. Psychologische Beitrage, 44, 303–318.
  25. Koehler, R., Wilhelm, E., Shoulson, I. (2011). Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury: Evaluating the Evidence. National Academies Press.
  26. McCauley, S. R., Pedroza, C., Chapman, S. B., Cook, L. G., Vasquez, A. C., & Levin, H. S. (2011). Monetary incentive effects on event-based prospective memory three months after traumatic brain injury in children. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 33(November 2014): 639–646.
  27. McCauley, S. R., Wilde, E. A., Bigler, E. D., Chu, Z., Yallampalli, R., Oni, M. B., … Levin, H. S. (2011). Diffusion tensor imaging of incentive effects in prospective memory after pediatric traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 28, 503–516.
  28. McDaniel, M. A., & Einstein, G. O. (2000). Strategic and automatic processes in prospective memory retrieval: A multiprocess framework. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 14(7): S127–S144. doi: 10. 1002/acp. 775
  29. McDonald, A., Haslam, C., Yates, P., Gurr, B., Leeder, G., & Sayers, A. (2011). Google Calendar: A new memory aid to compensate for prospective memory deficits following acquired brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(6):784-807.
  30. McFarland, C. P., & Glisky, E. L. (2009). Frontal lobe involvement in a task of time-based prospective memory. Neuropsychologia, 47, 1660–1669.
  31. Mioni, G., Stablum, F., McClintock, S. M., & Cantagallo, A. (2012). Time-Based Prospective Memory in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: The Involvement of Executive Functions and Time Perception. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 18(4):697-705.
  32. Moran, L. M., Taylor, H. G., Rusin, J., Bangert, B., Dietrich, A., Nuss, K. E., … Yeates, K. O. (2012). Quality of life in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury and its relationship to postconcussive symptoms. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 37(7): 736–744.
  33. Page, M., Wilson, B. A., Shiel, A., Carter, G., & Norris, D. (2006). What is the locus of the errorless-learning advantage? Neuropsychologia, 44(1): 90–100. doi: 10. 1016/j. neuropsychologia. 2005. 04. 004
  34. Potvin, M. J., Rouleau, I., Senechal, G., & Giguère, J. F. (2011). Prospective memory rehabilitation based on visual imagery techniques. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 21(6):899-924.
  35. Shum, D., Fleming, J., Gill, H., Gullo, M. J., & Strong, J. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of prospective memory rehabilitation in adults with traumatic brain injury. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 43(3): 216–223.
  36. Shum, D., Fleming, J., & Neulinger, K. (2002). Prospective Memory and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review. Brain Impairment. Australia: Australian Academic Press Pty. Ltd.
  37. Shum, D., Levin, H., & Chan, R. C. K. (2011). Prospective memory in patients with closed head injury: A review. Neuropsychologia, 49(8): 2156–2165.
  38. Stuss, D. T. (2011). Traumatic brain injury: relation to executive dysfunction and the frontal lobes. Current Opinion in Neurology, 24, 584–9.
  39. Sumowski, J. F., Wood, H. G., Chiaravalloti, N., Wylie, G. R., Lengenfelder, J., & DeLuca, J. (2010). Retrieval practice: a simple strategy for improving memory after traumatic brain injury. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16(6): 1147–50.
  40. Umeda, S., Kurosaki, Y., Terasawa, Y., Kato, M., & Miyahara, Y. (2011). Deficits in prospective memory following damage to the prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia, 49(8): 2178–2184.
  41. Wilson, B. A., Baddeley, A., Evans, J., & Shiel, A. (1994, May 14). Errorless learning in the rehabilitation of memory impaired people. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 4(3):307-326.
  42. Wolters, G., Stapert, S., Brands, I., & Van Heugten, C. (2010). Coping styles in relation to cognitive rehabilitation and quality of life after brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 20(4): 587–600.
  43. Yip, B. C. B., & Man, D. W. K. (2013). Virtual reality-based prospective memory training program for people with acquired brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation, 32, 103–115.
  44. Zare, H., Sahragard, M., & Khodamoradi, S. (2014). Investigating of Internal Consistency and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Prospective and Retrospective Memory in an Iranian Sample. Iranian Journal of Cognition and Education, 1(1): 29–33.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics