بررسی رابطه تجارب بدرفتاری در دوران کودکی با شرم و گناه در اختلال افسردگی اساسی و اختلال شخصیت مرزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی عمومی، گروه روانشناسی و مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی و مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه روانشناسی و مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد ، ایران.

4 استادیار، گروه روانپزشکی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد ، ایران.

10.48308/apsy.2025.241152.1887

چکیده

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف بررسی رابطه بین تجربه بدرفتاری در دوران کودکی با احساس شرم و گناه و تعیین تفاوت بدرفتاری در دوران کودکی در افراد مبتلا به اختلال افسردگی اساسی و اختلال شخصیت مرزی انجام شد.
روش: روش تحقیق توصیفی از نوع همبستگی و علی‌مقایسه‌ای بود. جامعه آماری شامل بیماران مبتلا به افسردگی اساسی و شخصیت مرزی مراجعه‌کننده به روان‌پزشکان شهر یزد در سال ۱۴۰۰ و نیز افراد سالم بود. نمونه شامل ۵۱ فرد مبتلا به افسردگی، ۴۹ فرد مبتلا به شخصیت مرزی و ۵۰ فرد غیرمبتلا بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده شامل پرسشنامه کودک‌آزاری محمدخانی (2003)، افسردگی بک (1996)، شخصیت مرزی لیشنرنیگ (1999 و پرسشنامه شرم و گناه (کوهن و همکاران، 2011) بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون همبستگی پیرسون، تحلیل رگرسیون و تحلیل واریانس تحلیل شدند.
یافته ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که در مبتلایان به افسردگی، غفلت عاطفی پیش‌بینی‌کننده شرم (52/0= β) و متغیر تجربه غفلت (55/0= β) و متغیر تجربه آزار عاطفی (40/0= β) پیش‌بینی‌کننده گناه بودند. در مبتلایان به شخصیت مرزی، آزار جنسی (37/0= β) و متغیر تجربه آزار عاطفی (35/0= β)،  پیش‌بینی‌کننده شرم و آزار جسمی (55/0= β) و متغیر تجربه غفلت (26/0= β) پیش‌بینی‌کننده گناه بودند.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاکی از نقش مهم تجارب بدرفتاری در شکل‌گیری احساسات منفی و آسیب‌زای شرم و گناه در اختلالات روانی بود که می‌تواند برای درمانگران و نظریه‌پردازان مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship Between Childhood Maltreatment and Shame and Guilt in Individuals with Major Depressive Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Asma Azadi 1
  • Maryam Salehzadeh 2
  • Zahra Naderi Nobandegani 3
  • Ghasem Dastjerdi 4
1 M. A. in Psychology, Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Yazd, Yazd, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences,Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
3 Assistant professor of Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim: This study aimed to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and feelings of shame and guilt, as well as to determine the differences in childhood maltreatment among individuals with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD).
Method: The research employed a descriptive-correlational and causal-comparative design. The population included patients with MDD and BPD who visited psychiatrists in Yazd in 2021, as well as healthy individuals. The sample consisted of 51 patients with MDD, 49 patients with BPD, and 50 healthy controls, selected via convenience sampling. The instruments used were the Childhood Abuse Questionnaire (Mohammadi, 2003), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1996), Leichsenring Borderline Personality Inventory (1999), and the Shame and Guilt Questionnaire (Cohen et al., 2011). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, regression analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: Findings indicated that among individuals with MDD, emotional neglect predicted shame (β = 0.52), while emotional neglect (β = 0.55) and emotional abuse (β = 0.40) predicted guilt. Among individuals with BPD, sexual abuse (β = 0.37) and emotional abuse (β = 0.35) predicted shame, whereas physical abuse (β = 0.55) and neglect (β = 0.26) predicted guilt.
Conclusion: The results highlight the significant role of childhood maltreatment in the development of negative and harmful feelings of shame and guilt in psychological disorders, which may be useful for clinicians and theorists alike.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Childhood Maltreatment
  • Shame
  • Guilt
  • Major Depressive
  • Borderline Personality

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