تدوین برنامة آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی طرحواره‌محور و تاثیر آن بر تنهایی، تاب‌آوری، انزوای اجتماعی و هدفمندی زندگی در مردان بازنشسته‌

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

4 استاد گروه سنجش و اندازه‌گیری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.

10.48308/apsy.2026.242476.1934

چکیده

هدف: هدف این پژوهش، تدوین و بررسی اثربخشی برنامه آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی غیرشناختی خوش‌بینی، وجدان‌گرایی، حس کنترل، ثبات هیجانی و استقامت مبتنی بر رویکرد طرحواره‌ها بر تنهایی، تاب‌آوری روانی، انزوای اجتماعی و هدفمندی زندگی در مردان بازنشسته بود.
روش: پژوهش به روش آمیخته انجام‌گرفت؛ در بخش کیفی محتوای جلسات با استفاده از منابع و نظر متخصصان تهیه شد و در بخش کمی، طرح آمیخته با اندازه‌گیری مکرر به‌کار‌گرفته‌شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل 700000 مرد 50 تا ۷۵ سال عضو کانون بازنشستگان شهر تهران در بهمن و اسفند سال 1403 بود که از میان آن‌ها ۳۴ نفر بر اساس GPower با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند از کانون‌های بازنشستگی شهر تهران انتخاب شده و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار‌گرفتند. پژوهش بهار سال 1404 انجام‌شد. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه‌های تاب‌آوری (راسل، پپلاو و کوترونا، 1980)، تنهایی (کانر و دیویدسون، 2003)، انزوای اجتماعی (نیکلسون، فین، کسی و دیکسون، 2020) و هدفمندی در زندگی (کرومباخ و ماهولیک،1964) بودند. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری مختلط با اندازه‌گیری مکرر بررسی‌شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان‌داد آموزش مهارت‌های زندگی مبتنی‌بر طرحواره‌ها باعث افزایش تاب‌آوری (p = 0/001) و هدفمندی زندگی (p < 0/001) و کاهش تنهایی (p = 0/002) در شرکت‌کنندگان در پس‌آزمون می‌شود، اما بر انزوای اجتماعی تأثیر معناداری ندارد. این موارد در رابطه با دوره پیگیری برقراربودند.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که این برنامه آموزشی می‌تواند به عنوان روشی مؤثر برای ارتقای بهزیستی روانی و سازگاری در دوران بازنشستگی استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Developing Schema-Informed Life Skills Training Program and Its Impact on Loneliness, Resilience, Social Isolation, and Life Purpose among Retired Men

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Nikakhtar 1
  • Ahmad Borjali 2
  • Zohreh Rafezi 3
  • Abolghasem Isamorad 3
  • Mohammad Asgari 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim: The study aimed to develop a schema-based noncognitive life-skills- optimism, conscientiousness, control, emotional stability, and perseverance- training program on loneliness, resilience, social isolation, and life purpose among retired men.
Method: This study employed a mixed-methods design. In the qualitative phase, the training program was developed using theoretical literature and expert feedback. In the quantitative phase, a mixed repeated-measures design was applied. The statistical population consisted of 700000 male retirees aged 50–75 who were members of retirement associations in Tehran during February and March 2025. Based on GPower calculations, 34 participants were selected through purposive sampling from retirement centers and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The intervention was carried out in spring 2025. Instruments included the Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003), the UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell, Peplau & Cutrona, 1980), the Social Isolation Scale (Nicholson, Feinn, Casey & Dixon, 2020), and the Purpose in Life Scale (Crumbaugh & Maholick, 1964). Data were analyzed using mixed-design multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures.
Results: The findings indicated that the schema-based life-skills program led to increased resilience (p = 0.001), purpose in life (p < 0.001), and reduced loneliness (p = 0.002) at the posttest. However, it did not produce a significant change in social isolation. These effects maintained at follow-up assessment.
Conclusion: The results suggest that this educational program can serve as an effective approach for enhancing psychological well-being and improving adjustment during retirement.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Loneliness
  • Noncognitive
  • Purpose
  • Retirement

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