پدیدارشناسی تجربة بیماری کووید-19 به‌منظور تعیین مؤلفه‌های مقابله‌ای روان‌شناختی اساسی در آن، یک پژوهش کیفی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد تمام گروه آموزشی مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره گرایش توانبخشی، گروه آموزشی مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل. ایران

3 کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره توانبخشی، گروه آموزشی مشاوره، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

چکیده

هدف: همه‌گیری بیماری کووید-19 تغییرات اساسی را در دنیای انسانی در سطوح روابط، مشاغل، آموزش و مباحث بهداشتی ایجاد کرد. این پژوهش کیفی باهدف شناسایی مؤلفه‌های مقابله‌ای روان‌شناختی اساسی در افراد مبتلابه بیماری کووید-19 انجام شد. روش: مشارکت‌کنندگان این مطالعه از میان فهرست اسامی شبکه بهداشت اردبیل به شیوة مبتنی بر هدف انتخاب شدند. زمان تصویب پژوهش سال 1399 و تاریخ اتمام آن سال 1400 بود. روش تحقیق از نوع کیفی پدیدارشناسی تفسیری بود. لذا برای 20 نفر از بیمارانی که در منزل بستری بودند، مصاحبة نیمه ساختاریافته انجام شد و فرایند مصاحبه و تحلیل داده‌ها تا رسیدن به نقطة اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. در این مطالعه با استفاده از روش کدگذاری باز 123 کد مرتبط با اهداف پژوهش شناسایی شد. یافته‌­ها: نتایج تحلیل سه موضوع اصلی و سیزده طبقة اولیه را نشان داد. موضوع اصلی علائم شامل طبقة اولیة بدنی، روان‌شناختی و طبقة اولیة اجتماعی است. موضوع اصلی مهارت‌‌های مقابله‌­ای شامل طبقه‌‌های اولیة سرگرمی، تغذیه، معنوی، روانی، پزشکی، منابع اجتماعی و طبقة اولیة استیصال است و موضوع اصلی پیامدها نیز شامل طبقه‌‌های اولیة زندگی، طبقة اولیة دغدغه‌‌ها و طبقة اولیة روابط است. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که مردم در برخورد با بیماری کووید 19 از همة انواع روش‌های مقابله‌­ای مسئله محور تا هیجان محور و سرمایه‌های خود برای زنده ماندن بهره می­‌گیرند و تن و روان همسو باهم به گونة منسجم، بقاء شخص را تضمین می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phenomenology of the Experience of Covid-19 Disease in Order to Determine the Components of Basic Psychological Coping, a Qualitative Study

نویسندگان [English]

  • hossein ghamari kivi 1
  • fatemeh jamshiddoust miyanroudi 2
  • behzad gholizade 3
1 Professor of the Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
2 Master of Rehabilitation Counseling Student, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
3 M.Sc. Rehabilitation Counseling, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Ardabil, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aim: The Covid-19 pandemic has made fundamental changes in the human world at the levels of relationships, jobs, education, and health issues. This qualitative study was conducted to identify the components of basic psychological coping in people with Covid-19 disease. Method: The participants of this study were selected from the list of names of Ardabil Health Network in a purposeful manner. The time of approval of the research was 1399 and the date of its completion was 1400. The research method was qualitative interpretive phenomenology. Therefore, 20 patients who were hospitalized at home were asked through semi-structured interviews and data analysis process continued until reaching the theoretical saturation point. In this study, 123 codes related to research objectives were identified using open coding method. Results: The results of the analysis showed three main issues and thirteen primary classes. The main subject of symptoms includes physical, psychological and social classes. The main subject of coping skills includes the first classes of entertainment, nutrition, spiritual, psychological, medical, social resources and despair. The main subject of consequences includes the first classes of life, the first class of concerns and the first class of relationships. Conclusion: Thus, people with Covid-19 disease, use all kinds of problem-focused to emotion-focused coping strategies and all of their resources even negative coping ways to cope and to survive. Therefore, body and mind coherently tries to ensure the survival of the person.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Covid-19 Disease
  • Home Hospitalization
  • Phenomenology
  • Psychological Coping Components

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