مقایسۀ تأثیر آموزش رویکرد شخصیت شغلی و مشاوره ساخت مسیر شغلی بر انطباق‌پذیری مسیر شغلی کودکان از دیدگاه طراحی زندگی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران.

3 عضو هیات علمی گروه مشاوره، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

چکیده

هدف: پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسۀ اثربخشی آموزش مسیر شغلی مبتنی بر نظریۀ شخصیت شغلی و نظریۀ ساخت مسیر شغلی بر انطباق­‌پذیری مسیر شغلی کودکان بر اساس الگوی طراحی زندگی انجام گرفت. روش: طرح پژوهش از نوع نیمه آزمایشی با مرحلۀ پیگیری بود و جامعۀ آماری تمامی کودکان پسر دبستانی سنین 10- 13 سال، در سال تحصیلی 96-97 در شهر اصفهان بودند که 72 نفر به‌ شیوۀ نمونه‌‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و به‌ صورت تصادفی در سه گروه 24 نفری بر اساس نظریۀ شخصیت شغلی، نظریۀ ساخت مسیر شغلی و کنترل جایگزین شدند. گروه‌­های آزمایش در هشت جلسۀ 45 دقیقه‌­ای شرکت کردند؛ اما گروه کنترل، مداخله‌‌‌‌ای دریافت نکردند. داده­‌های پژوهش با استفاده از مقیاس انطباق­پذیری مسیر شغلی فرم کوتاه مگ­‌گیوری، روسیر، ساویکاس (2015) در سه مرحله گردآوری شد. یافته‌­ها: نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده‌‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر نشان داد مشاورة مسیر شغلی مبتنی بر نظریۀ ساخت مسیر شغلی به‌طور مؤثری سبب افزایش انطباق­‌پذیری مسیر شغلی و مؤلفه‌های دغدغه، کنترل و کنجکاوی در دانش‌آموزان پسر شده و اثر آن در طول زمان نیز ثابت ماند؛ در حالی‌که مشاورۀ مسیر شغلی مبتنی بر نظریۀ شخصیت تنها بر نمرۀ کل انطباق‌­پذیری مسیر شغلی تأثیر معناداری داشته است. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج می‌­توان از مشاورة ساخت مسیر شغلی مبتنی بر نظریۀ ساخت مسیر شغلی و مشاوره مبتنی بر نظریۀ شخصیت شغلی برای افزایش انطباق‌­پذیری مسیر شغلی کودکان استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing the Effects of Vocational Personality and Career Construction Counseling on Children's Career Adaptability from the Life Design Perspective

نویسندگان [English]

  • malihe karimi 1
  • mohamadreza abedi 2
  • parisa nilforoshan 3
1 Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
2 Faculty member of Counseling Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
3 Faculty member of Counseling Department, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of career training based on vocational personality theory and career construction theory on children's career adaptability from the life design perspective. Method: The research design was quasi-experimental with the follow-up stage. The statistical population of the study was all primary school boys aged 13-10 years in the academic year of 2017-18 in Esfahan city among them 72 people were selected by purposive sampling method based on inclusion criteria and randomly divided into 3 groups of 24 individuals in the career intervention group based on job personality theory, career construction theory, and control group. The children in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of 45 minutes, but the control group received no intervention. Participants responded to career adaptability scale-short form (Maggiori, Rossier, Svickas, 2015) in 3 stages. Research data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The results showed that career counseling based on construction theory more effectively increases the career adaptability and the components of concern, control, and curiosity in male students while career counseling based on personality theory has only had a significant effect on the overall score of career path adaptation. Conclusion: According to the results, career construction counseling based on construction theory and counseling based on job personality theory can be used to design life patterns and adaptability of children's career trajectories.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Vocational Personality
  • Career Construction
  • Life Design Paradigm
  • Career Adaptability
Arastaman, G. (2019). Reconsidering the Career Construction in Modern Era. In Vocational Identity and Career Construction in Education (pp. 1-15). IGI Global. [link]
Cadaret, M. C. Hartung, P. J. (2020). Efficacy of a group career construction intervention with urban youth of colour. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 1, 1–13.  [link]
Cardoso, P. Janeiro, I. N. Duarte, M. E. (2018). Life Design Counseling Group Intervention with Portuguese Adolescents: A Process and Outcome Study. Journal of Career Development, 45(2), 183–196. [link]
Chen, H., Fang, T., Liu, F., Pang, L., Wen, Y., Chen, S., & Gu, X. (2020). Career Adaptability Research: A Literature Review with Scientific Knowledge Mapping in Web of Science. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16). [link]
Di Fabio, A. Maree, J. G. (2012). Group-based Life Design Counseling in an Italian context. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 100–107. [link] 
Fouché, N. Maree, J. G. (2013). Counselling for Career Construction. Connecting Life Themes to Construct Life Portraits: Turning pain into hope. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers. Journal of Student Affairs in Africa, 1. [link]
Ginevra, M.C., & Nota, L. (2017). ‘Journey in the world of professions and work’: A career intervention for children, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13:5, 460-470. [link]
Hartung, P. J. (2015). Life design in childhood: antecedents and advancement. In Nota, L. & Rossier, J. (Eds.) Handbook of life design paradigm: From practice to theory, from theory to practice. Firenze: Hogrefe. [link]
Hartung, P. J., & Santelli, S. (2017). My Career Story: Description and initial validity evidence. Journal of Career Assessment, 26(2), 308–332. [link]
Hartung, P. J. (2017). Childhood: Career construction’s opening act. In M. Watson & M. McMahon (Eds.), Career exploration and development in childhood: Perspectives from theory, research and practice (pp. 24–33). London: Routledge. [link]
Holland, J. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments (3rd ed.). Psychological Assessment Resources [link]
Işık, E., Yeğin, F., Koyuncu, S., Eser, A., Çömlekciler, F., & Yıldırım, K. (2018). Validation of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form across different age groups in the Turkish context. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 18(3), 297-314. [link]
Maggiori, C., Rossier, J. Savickas, M. L. (2015). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale–Short Form (CAAS-SF): Construction and Validation. Journal of Career Assessment, 1(2), 1–14. [link]
Maree, J. G. (2017). Promoting career development in the early years of a person’s life through self- and career construction counselling (using an integrated, qualitative + quantitative approach): a case study. Early Child Development and Care, 1–15. [link]
Maree, J. G. (2018). Promoting career development in the early years of a person’s life through self- and career construction counselling. Early Child Development and Care, 188(4), 425–436. [link]
Maree, J. G. (2019). Group career construction counseling: A mixed‐methods intervention study with high school students. The Career Development Quarterly, 67, 47-61. [Link]
Maree, J. G., Che, J. (2020). The effect of life-design counselling on the self-efficacy of a learner from an environment challenged by disadvantages. Early Child Development and Care, 190(6), 822–838. [link]
Maree, J. G., & Crous, S. (2012). Life design career counselling with an abandoned adolescent: A case study. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 22(1), 106-113. [link]
Maree, J. G., Gerryts, E. W., Fletcher, L., & Olivier, J. (2019). Using career counselling with group life design principles to improve the employability of disadvantaged young adults. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 29(2), 110–120. [link]
Maree, J. G., & Symington, C. (2015). Life design counselling effects on the career adaptability of learners in a selective independent school setting. Journal of psychology in Africa, 25(2), 143-150. [link]
McAdams, D. P.  (2013). The psychological self as actor, agent, and author.  Perspectives of Psychological Science, 8, 272-295. [link]
Peila-Shuster, J. J. (2017). Fostering hope and career adaptability in children’s career development. Early Child Development and Care, 188, 452–462. [link]
Peila-Shuster J.J., Carlson L.A., Huff A.E. (2019) Children’s Career Development: The Building Blocks for Career Adaptability. In: Maree J. (eds) Handbook of Innovative Career Counselling. Springer, Cham. [link]
Porfeli, E. J., Hartung, P. J., Vondracek, F. W. (2008). Children’s vocational development: A research rationale. The Career Development Quarterly, 57, 25–37. [link]
Rehfuss, M.C., Sickinger, P.H. (2015). Assisting High School Students with Career Indecision Using a Shortened Form of the Career Construction Interview. Journal of school counseling, 13. [link]
Robinson, L. Diale, B. (2017). Through the eyes of children: Exploring Grade 7 career aspirations. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 7(1), 1-13. [link]
Rossier, J. (2015). Career adaptability and life designing. In Nota, L., Rossier, J. (Eds.), Handbook of the life design paradigm: From practice to theory, from theory to practice (pp. 153–168). [link]
Santilli, S., Nota, L., & Hartung, P. J. (2019). Efficacy of a group career construction intervention with early adolescent youth. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 111, 49–58. [link]
Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42-70). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. [link]
Savickas, M. L. (2011). Career counseling. Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association Books, Inc. [link]
Savickas, M. L. (2013). Career construction theory and practice. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (2nd ed., pp. 147–183). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. [link]
Savickas, M. L. (2020). Career construction theory and counseling model. In Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D. (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research into work (3rd ed., pp. 165–200). Wiley. [link]
Savickas, M. L., (2012). Life Design: A Paradigm for Career Intervention in the 21st Century. Journal of Counseling & Development. 90. [link]
Savickas, M. L., Hartung, P. J. (2012). My career story: An autobiographical workbook for life-career success. Kent, OH. [link]
Savickas, M. L., Nota, L., Rossier, J., Dauwalder, J. P., Duarte, M. E., Guichard, J., Soresi, S., Van Esbroeck, R., & Van Vianen, A. E. M. (2009). Life designing: A paradigm for career construction in the 2 Soresi, S., Van Esbroeck, R., 1st century. Journal of vocational behavior, 75(3), 239-250. [link]
Savickas, M. L., Porfeli, E. J. (2012). Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: Construction, reliability, and measurement equivalence across 13 countries. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(3), 661-673. [link]
Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of vocational behavior, 16(3), 282-298. [link]
Tinsley, H. E. (2000). The congruence myth: An analysis of the efficacy of the person–environment fit model. Journal of vocational behavior, 56(2), 147-179. [Link]
Taylor, N., Beukes, C. (2019). A life design-related career development intervention for working adults in the manufacturing, engineering and related sectors. African Journal of Career Development, 1(1), 1-7. [link]
Watson M.B., McMahon M. (2019) Back to the Future: Child Career Development. In: Athanasou J., Perera H. (eds) International Handbook of Career Guidance. Springer, Cham. [link]
Watson, M. B., & McMahon, M. (2005). Children’s career development: A research review Children’s career development: A research review from a learning perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67,119–132. [link]
Watson, M., & McMahon, M. (2017). Telling stories of childhood career development. In M.  Watson & M.  McMahon (Eds.), Career exploration and development in childhood: Perspectives from theory, research and practice (pp. 1–8). London: Routledge. [link]
Wen, Y., Chen, H., Li, K., & Gu, X. (2020). The Challenges of Life Design Counseling in the Times of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19). Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1235. [link]
Westover, J. H. (2010). Managing organizational change: Change agent strategies and techniques to successfully managing the dynamics of stability and change in organizations. International Journal of Management and Innovation, 2(1), 45-51. [link]
Yu, H., Dai, Y., Guan, X., & Wang, W. (2020). Career adapt-abilities scale–short form (CAAS-SF): Validation across three different samples in the Chinese context. Journal of Career Assessment, 28(2), 219-240. [link]