همدلی شناختی و عاطفی در افراد با سطوح بالا و پایین ناگویی هیجانی: نقش واسطه‌ای الگوی نگاه به تصاویر چهره‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای روان‌شناسی شناختی، گروه روان‌شناسی شناختی، پژوهشکده علوم شناختی و مغز، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه روان‌شناسی شناختی، پژوهشکده علوم شناختی و مغز، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه علوم اعصاب شناختی، پژوهشکده علوم شناختی و مغز، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر مقایسه‌ی همدلی شناختی و عاطفی در افراد با سطوح ناگویی هیجانی بالا و پایین با میانجی‌گری الگوی نگاه (مدت زمان تا اولین تثبیت در چشم‌ها و میزان نگاه بر دهان) بود. روش: روش پژوهش علی‌مقایسه‌ای بود. جامعه‌ی پژوهش را دانشجویان دانشگاه‌های شهر تهران تشکیل دادند که از بین آنها به صورت در دسترس 41 نفر انتخاب شدند. شرکت‌کنندگان به پرسشنامه‌ی ناگویی هیجانی تورنتو (باگبی، پارکر و تیلور، 1994) پاسخ داده و بر اساس نمره‌ی این پرسشنامه به دو گروه با ناگویی هیجانی بالا و پایین تقسیم شدند. سپس در تکلیف همدلی برای درد (تیمرز و همکاران، 2018) شرکت کردند، در حالی که حرکات چشم‌هایشان ثبت می‌شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از تحلیل مسیر بررسی شد. یافته‌ها: افراد با سطح ناگویی هیجانی بالا نسبت به افراد با سطح ناگویی هیجانی پایین همدلی شناختی (005/0 = p) و عاطفی (020/0 = p) پایین‌تری از خود نشان داده‌اند. همچنین این افراد کمتر و دیرتر به چشم‌های چهره‌ی هدف نگاه کرده و در مقابل بیشتر به دهان نگاه کرده‌اند (026/0 = p). در نهایت مدت زمان تا اولین نگاه به چشم‌ها میانجی‌گر رابطه‌ی ناگویی هیجانی و همدلی شناختی و مدت‌زمان نگاه به دهان میانجی‌گر رابطه‌ی ناگویی هیجانی و همدلی عاطفی بود. نتیجه‌گیری:‌ بر مبنای نتایج این پژوهش، الگوی نگاه به تصاویر برانگیزاننده‌ی همدلی با کاهش همدلی افراد با ناگویی هیجانی رابطه دارد و بخشی از همدلی عاطفی و شناختی پایین این افراد به اختلال آن‌ها در زمینه‌ی ردیابی چهره‌ها مرتبط است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Cognitive and Affective Empathy in Individuals with High and Low Alexithymia: The Mediating Role of Eye-Gaze Pattern to Facial Expressions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soroosh Golbabaei 1
  • Negar SammakNejad 2
  • Khatereh Borhani 3
1 Ph.D. Student of Cognitive Psychology, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran. Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim: The present study aimed to compare cognitive and affective empathy in high and low alexithymia with the mediating role of eye-gaze pattern (i.e., time to first fixation on eyes and fixation duration in mouth).
 
Method: The research used a causal-comparative method. The study population included university students of Tehran, among which 41 students were selected using the available sampling method. Participants filled out the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (Bagbi et al., 1994) and were grouped as high and low alexithymia based on their scores. Then, they responded to empathy for pain task (Timmers et al., 2018) while their eye-gaze was recorded. Path analysis was used to analyze the data.
 
Results: Those with high alexithymia had lower cognitive (p = 0.005) and affective empathy (p = 0.020). Moreover, they fixated on the eyes later and for a shorter duration, while on the other hand, they fixated more on the mouth (p = 0.026). Finally, time to first fixation on the eyes mediated the effect of alexithymia on cognitive empathy, and fixation duration on the mouth mediated the effect of alexithymia on affective empathy.
 
Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that aberrant eye-gaze pattern is related to hampering empathy in high alexithymic individuals, and low cognitive and affective empathy in high alexithymic individuals is to some degree related to how they look at facial expressions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alexithymia
  • Affective Empathy
  • Cognitive Empathy
  • Eye-Tracking
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