رابطه سبک دلبستگی مادر با اختلالات درونی سازی و برونی سازی شده‌ی کودک: نقش واسطه‌ای اجتماعی کردن هیجان کودک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی بالینی خانواده، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار روانشناسی بالینی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ، تهران، ایران.

10.48308/apsy.2025.240222.1837

چکیده

هدف: هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، تعیین نقش واسطه‌ای اجتماعی‌کردن هیجان کودک در رابطة بین دلبستگی مادر با اختلالات درونی‌سازی و برونی‌سازی شده‌ی کودکان بود.
روش: پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی-همبستگی بوده و جامعه‌ مادران کودکان 6 تا 10 ساله‌ی ساکن شهر تهران بودند که 211 نفر آن‌ها با نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها با پرسشنامه‌های فهرست رفتاری کودک (آخنباخ، 1991)، سازگاری با هیجانات منفی کودکان (فابز، پولین، آیزنبرگ و مدن_دردیچ، 1990) و تجربه روابط نزدیک-ساختار رابطه (فرالی، والر و برنان، 2001) جمع‌آوری و با استفاده از همبستگی اسپیرمن و تحلیل مسیر در نرم‌افزار SPSS-27 و Amos-26  مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌ها: دلبستگی اجتنابی و اضطرابی مادر با اختلالات درونی‌سازی و برونی‌سازی شده، ارتباط مثبت معنادار دارد (05/0 > P). همچنین بین دلبستگی اجتنابی و اضطرابی مادر و اجتماعی‌کردن هیجان (001/0 > P) ارتباط معنادار وجود دارد. اجتماعی‌کردن هیجان با اختلالات درونی‌سازی و برونی‌سازی شده، ارتباط معنادار (001/0 > P) دارد. علاوه ‌بر این اجتماعی‌کردن هیجان در رابطة بین دلبستگی مادر و اختلالات درونی‌سازی و برونی‌سازی شده، نقش واسطه‌ای ایفا می‌کند (001/0 > P).
نتیجه‌گیری: دلبستگی مادر و شیوه‌های اجتماعی‌کردن هیجان، با ایجاد بستری برای شکل‌گیری واکنش‌های ناسازگارانه به هیجانات کودک، می‌توانند منجر به تشدید اختلالات درونی‌سازی و برونی‌سازی شده شوند؛ بنابراین یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند در طراحی برنامه‌های آموزشی برای بهبود سبک‌های دلبستگی و مهارت‌های اجتماعی‌کردن هیجان والدین کاربرد داشته باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Relationship Between Maternal Attachment Style and Children's Internalizing and Externalizing Disorders: The Mediating Role of Children's Emotion Socialization

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Fazeli 1
  • Samaneh Behzadpoor 2
1 Master of Clinical Family Psychology, Department of Psychology, Humanities Faculty, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor Faculty of Psychology, Science and Culture university, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim: This study examined whether children’s emotion socialization mediates the relationship between maternal attachment and children’s internalizing and externalizing disorders.
 
Method: A descriptive-correlational design was employed with 211 mothers of children aged 6–10 years in Tehran, selected via convenience sampling. Instruments included the Child Behavior Checklist, Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale, and the Experiences in Close Relationships–Relationship Structures questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and path analysis with SPSS-27 and AMOS-26.
 
Results: Maternal avoidant and anxious attachment were positively correlated with children’s internalizing and externalizing disorders (p < 0.05). Both attachment dimensions were negatively correlated with emotion socialization (p < 0.001). Emotion socialization showed significant associations with children’s internalizing and externalizing problems (p < 0.001) and mediated the relationship between maternal attachment and behavioral outcomes.
 
Conclusion: Maternal attachment and emotion socialization play critical roles in children’s emotional and behavioral adjustment. Interventions targeting parental attachment security and emotion socialization practices may reduce internalizing and externalizing problems in children.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Emotion Socialization
  • Externalizing Problems
  • Internalizing Problems
  • Maternal Attachment 

مراجع

Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school-age forms & profiles. University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families. [Link]
Achenbach, T. M., Ivanova, M. Y., Rescorla, L. A., Turner, L. V., & Althoff, R. R. (2016). Internalizing/externalizing problems: Review and recommendations for clinical and research applications. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45(6), 718–734. [Link]
Cheng, H., & Furnham, A. (2021). Factors influencing children’s behavioral problems: Results from a longitudinal study of British children from birth to seven years. Psychiatry International, 2(2), 224-232. [Link]
De Oliveira, C. A., Moran, G., & Pederson, D. R. (2005). Understanding the link between maternal adult attachment classifications and thoughts and feelings about emotions. Attachment & Human Development, 7(2), 153–170. [Link]
Desmita, D., Rahmadani, S., Diyenti, A. K., Warmansyah, J., Silvianetri, S., & Fakaruddin, N. A. A. B. (2023). The relationship of parent-child interaction in developing effective communication in early childhood. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Educational Research (IJECER), 2(2), 47. [Link]
Doustani, S., & Ghamarani, A. (2021). Comparing the effectiveness of emotion socialization and parenting metaphors training for mothers on feelings of shame in children with internalized behavioral problems. Cognitive and Behavioral Science Researches, 11(2), 27–42. [Link]
Farrokhshahi, F. (2017). Attachment and maternal emotion socialization: The mediating role of mindfulness and alexithymia [Master's thesis]. Shahid Beheshti University, Family Research Institute. [Link]
Fraley, R. C., Heffernan, M. E., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2011). The experiences in close relationships-Relationship Structures Questionnaire: A method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 615–625. [Link]
Fraley, R. C., Hudson, N. W., Heffernan, M. E., & Segal, N. (2015). Are adult attachment styles categorical or dimensional? A taxometric analysis of general and relationship-specific attachment orientations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(2), 354–368. [Link]
Gerhardt, M., Feng, X., Wu, Q., Hooper, E. G., Ku, S., & Chan, M. H. (2020). A naturalistic study of parental emotion socialization: Unique contributions of fathers. Journal of Family Psychology, 34(2), 204–214. [Link]
Ghoreyshi, M., Behzadpoor, S., & Mohseni, M. R. (2024). Role of father-child attachment and influential factors in child development: A narrative review. Clinical Excellence, 13(4), 38–55. [Link]
Gross, J. T., Stern, J. A., Brett, B. E., Fitter, M. H., & Cassidy, J. (2023). Mothers' attachment style predicts response to child distress: The role of maternal emotions and attributions. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(3), 876–891.  [Link]
Guo, X., Jiao, R., & Wang, J. (2024). Connections between parental emotion socialization and internalizing problems in adolescents: Examining the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies and moderating effect of gender. Behavioral Sciences, 14(8), 660. [Link]
İşcanoğlu, Z., Çakmak, Z., Çiçek, N. M., & Steele, M. (2024). The role of children’s emotion regulation and maternal emotion socialization in preschoolers’ behavioral difficulties during the COVID-19 lockdown. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 43(21), 19356–19369. [Link]
Jing, B., & Michiyo, K. (2023). Associations between adult attachment, maternal emotion socialization, and child behavior. Psychological Reports. Advance online publication. [Link]
Jones, J. D., Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (2015). Adult attachment style and parenting. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Research: New Directions and Emerging Themes (pp. 234–260). Guilford Press. [Link]
Jugovac, S., O'Kearney, R., Hawes, D. J., & Pasalich, D. S. (2022). Attachment- and emotion-focused parenting interventions for child and adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors: A meta-analysis. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 25(3), 754–773. [Link]
Kazemi Askarani, H., & Seyedmousavi, P.S. (2022). The interdependence between parental emotion regulation and children's socialization of emotions. Quarterly Journal of Family Research, 19(3), 79–92. [Link]
Kohlhoff, J., Lieneman, C., Cibralic, S., Traynor, N., & McNeil, C. B. (2022). Attachment-based parenting interventions and evidence of changes in toddler attachment patterns: An overview. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 25(4), 737–753. [Link]
Labib, B., Khader, Y. S., Abu Khudair, S., Al Nsour, M. A. A., & Tanaka, T. (2024). The prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems and their associated factors among children and adolescents in Jordan: Findings from a national school-based survey. Pediatric Reports, 16(4), 1223-1237. [Link]
Minaei, A. (2006). Adaptation and standardization of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist, Self-Assessment Questionnaire, and Teacher Report Form. Exceptional Children (Research in the Field of Exceptional Children), 6(1, Serial No. 19), 529–558. [Link]
Mohammadi, M., Vaisi Raiegani, A. A., Jalali, R., Ghobadi, A., & Abbasi, P. (2019). Prevalence of Behavioral Disorders in Iranian Children. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences,  28(169), 181–191. [Link]
Montoya-Castilla, I., Postigo, S., Prado-Gascó, V., & Pérez-Marín, M. (2018). Relationships between affective states and childhood internalizing disorders. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(4), 591–598. [Link]
Nordahl, D., Rognmo, K., Bohne, A., et al. (2020). Adult attachment style and maternal-infant bonding: The indirect path of parenting stress. BMC Psychology, 8, 58. [Link]
Poravari, M., GHanbari, S., Zadeh Mohammadi, A., & Panaghi, L. (2014). Validity, reliability and factor structure of the experiences of close relationships questionnaire-the relationship structure (ECR-RS). Thoughts and Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 9(31), 47-56. [Link]
Rashed, H., Amin Yazdi, A., & Bordbar, M. (2025). The Relationship Between Mother's Attachment Dimensions and Child's Emotion Regulation: The Mediating Role of Irrational Beliefs and Mother's   [Link]
Sanders, W., Zeman, J., Poon, J., & Miller, R. (2015). Child regulation of negative emotions and depressive symptoms: The moderating role of parental emotion socialization. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(4), 402–415. [Link]
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2007). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. Guilford Press. [Link]
Soydan, S., Acar, A., & Mutlu, K. (2025). Parental attachment and emotion regulation in children: the mediating role of working memory. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 33(4), 693-708. [Link]
Tambelli, R., Laghi, F., Odorisio, F., & Notari, V. (2012). Attachment relationships and internalizing and externalizing problems among Italian adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(8), 1465–1471. [Link]
Zanetti, M. A., Trombetta, T., Rollè, L., & Marinoni, C. (2024). Family functioning and internalizing and externalizing problems in gifted children. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(5), 77. [Link]

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار