فصلنامه روان‌شناسی کاربردی

فصلنامه روان‌شناسی کاربردی

پشت صحنه اختلافات در شیوه‌های فرزندپروری: یک تحلیل پدیدارشناسانه از تجارب زیسته والدین

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
محمدرضا روشنائی 1
شهریار یارمحمدی واصل 2
حسین محققی 3
محمدرضا ذوقی پایدار 3
1 کاندیدای دکتری روانشناسی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم اقتصادی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
2 استاد، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اقتصادی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکدۀ علوم اقتصادی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
10.48308/apsy.2026.242901.1952
چکیده
هدف: خانواده به عنوان هسته بنیادین جامعه، نقش بی‌بدیلی در شکل‌گیری شخصیت و سلامت روانی نسل آینده ایفا می‌کند. با این حال، هماهنگی شیوه‌های فرزندپروری میان زوجین، همواره با چالش‌هایی همراه بوده است. از این رو، هدف این پژوهش بررسی تجارب زیسته والدین در زمینه اختلافات در شیوه‌های فرزندپروری زوجین بود.
 
روش: روش‌شناسی این پژوهش، کیفی و با رویکرد پدیدارشناسی توصیفی بود. جامعه مورد پژوهش شامل کلیه والدین دانش‌آموزان دوره اول ابتدایی منطقه پنج شهر تهران در سال 1404 بود که از این بین، تعداد 26 نفر (13 زوج) به روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس، انتخاب شدند. فرآیند نمونه‌گیری تا رسیدن به اشباع طول کشید. جهت جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، از مقیاس شیوه‌های فرزندپروری و مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته استفاده شد. تحلیل داده‌های گردآوری شده به روش بازخورد اعضا، ممیزی مسیر و کدگذاری موازی انجام شد.
 
یافته‌ها: بعد از تحلیل داده‌ها، 15 مضمون فرعی و 5 مضمون اصلی شامل تجارب هیجانی-جسمانی تعارض، ادراک ماهیت و سرچشمه‌های تعارض، پویایی رابطه و الگوهای تعاملی، پیامدهای ادراک شده و راهبردهای مقابله و جست‌وجوی معنا به دست آمد.
 
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج یافته‌های پژوهش علاوه بر ایجاد بینش و آگاهی نسبت به تجارب اختلافات در شیوه‌های فرزندپروری زوجین، می‌تواند جهت برنامه‌ریزی برای رفع مشکلات و چالش‌های این گروه مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اختلافات در فرزندپروری
الگوهای تعاملی
تجارب هیجانی-جسمانی
راهبردهای مقابله‌ای
تعارض زوجین
والدگری
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Behind the Scenes of Discrepancies in Parenting Styles: A Phenomenological Analysis of Parents' Lived Experiences

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Reza Roshanaei 1
Shahryar Yarmohamadi Vasel 2
Hossein Mohagheghi 3
Zoghi Paydar Mohammad Reza 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
چکیده English

Aim: The family, as the fundamental unit of society, plays an irreplaceable role in shaping the personality and psychological well-being of future generations. However, achieving harmony in parenting styles between couples has always been challenging. Consequently, the aim of this study was to investigate parents' lived experiences regarding discrepancies in parenting styles.
 
Method: This research employed a qualitative methodology with a descriptive phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of all parents of first-grade elementary school students in District 5 of Tehran in 2025. Among them, 26 individuals (13 couples) were selected through convenience sampling, continuing until data saturation was achieved. Data were collected using the Parenting Styles Scale and semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed through member checking, audit trail, and parallel coding.
 
Results: The analysis yielded 15 sub-themes and 5 main themes, including emotional-physical experiences of conflict, perception of the nature and sources of conflict, relational dynamics and interactional patterns, perceived consequences, and coping strategies and meaning-making.
 
Conclusion: The findings of this research not only provide insight and awareness into the experiences of discrepancies in parenting styles among couples but can also be utilized for planning interventions to address the problems and challenges faced by this group.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Couple Conflict
Coping Strategies
Discrepancies in Parenting
Emotional-Somatic Experiences
Interactional Patterns
Parenting
Aghaziarati, A., & Ashori, M. (2023). Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Mindful Parenting in Parents of Exceptional Children. Applied Psychology, 17(4), 105-120. [Link]
Amani, R., Roshanaei, M. R., Mirzai, F., & Yarmohamadi Vasel, S. (2025). Lived Experiences of Men between 40 and 45 Years Old in the Context of Transitioning Challenges to Parenthood. Journal of Family Research, 21(1), 81. [Link]
Bao, D. (2023). The multiple meanings of silence in social psychology. Environment and Social Psychology, 8(3), 1-16. [Link]
Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic psychology monographs, 75(1), 43-88. [Link]
Baumrind, D. (1973). The development of instrumental competence through socialization. In Minnesota symposium on child psychology (Vol. 7, pp. 3-46). [Link]
Besharat, M. A., & Kamran, M. (2017). Mediating role of interpersonal problems on the relationship between parenting styles and marital problems. Family Psychology, 4(1), 3-16. [Link]
Bowen, M. (1993). Family therapy in clinical practice. Jason Aronson. [Link]
Bondy, E. (2024). A quantitative study examining perceived parenting styles and their impact on early marriage conflict management styles, feelings of closeness, and relational satisfaction (Master’s thesis). University of Nebraska at Omaha. [Link]
Bowlby, J. (1979). The bowlby-ainsworth attachment theory. Behavioral and brain sciences, 2(4), 637-638. [Link]
Buri, J. R. (1991). Parental authority questionnaire. Journal of personality assessment, 57(1), 110-119. [Link]
Campbell, C. G. (2023). Two decades of coparenting research: A scoping review. Marriage & Family Review, 59(6), 379-411. [Link]
Chakraborty, N. (2024). Adult Attachment Functioning and Marital Quality: A Psychosocial Study on Early & Middle Adults. Indian Journal of Health Studies, 6, 63-82. [Link]
Craft, A. L., Perry-Jenkins, M., & Newkirk, K. (2021). The implications of early marital conflict for Children’s development. Journal of child and family studies, 30(1), 292-310. [Link]
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
Crnic, K. A., & Coburn, S. S. (2020). Stress and parenting. In Psychological insights for understanding COVID-19 and families, parents, and children (pp. 103-130). Routledge. [Link]
Dallos, R. (2023). Attachment narrative therapy. In Attachment narrative therapy: Applications and developments (pp. 1-31). Cham: Springer International Publishing. [Link]
Doodman, P. (2018). The Relationship between Parenting Practices and Accountability of High School Students in Mehr Town, 2015-2016 (Iran) Parvaneh Doodman. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal, 12(4), 51-60. [Link]
Favez, N., Rattaz, V., Puglisi, N., Razurel, C., Epiney, M., & Tissot, H. (2024). The interplay between maternal and paternal senses of efficacy moderates the link between perinatal parental stress and family alliance at 3 months. Parenting, 24(1), 30-38. [Link]
Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. (2010). Marriage in the new millennium: A decade in review. Journal of marriage and family, 72(3), 630-649. [Link]
Fraley, R. C. (2019). Attachment in adulthood: Recent developments, emerging debates, and future directions. Annual review of psychology, 70(1), 401-422. [Link]
Frosch, C. A., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., & O’Banion, D. D. (2021). Parenting and child development: A relational health perspective. American journal of lifestyle medicine, 15(1), 45-59. [Link]
Goagoses, N., Bolz, T., Eilts, J., Schipper, N., Schuetz, J., Rademacher, A., ... & Koglin, U. (2023). Parenting dimensions/styles and emotion dysregulation in childhood and adolescence: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Current Psychology, 42(22), 18798-18822. [Link]
Gottman, J. (2023). What predicts divorce?: The relationship between marital processes and marital outcomes. Routledge. [Link]
Gottman, J. M. (2011). The science of trust: Emotional attunement for couples. WW Norton & Company. [Link]
Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (2000). The Timing of Divorce: Predicting When a Couple Will Divorce Over a 14-Year Period. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(3), 737-745. [Link]
Guidi, J., Lucente, M., Sonino, N., & Fava, G. A. (2020). Allostatic load and its impact on health: a systematic review. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 90(1), 11-27. [Link]
Jalil-Abkenar, S. S. (2025). The Effectiveness of Schema-Based Parenting on Parental Acceptance and Fatigue in Mothers of Students with Intellectual Disability. Applied Psychology, 19(2), 80-102. [Link]
Juraevna, G. D. (2022). Psychological views on the role of parents in raising children in the family. ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 12(10), 143-147. [Link]
Kagitcibasi, C. (2017). Family, self, and human development across cultures: Theory and applications. Routledge. [Link]
Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Parent management training: Treatment for oppositional, aggressive, and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. Oxford University Press.
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Wilson, S. J. (2017). Lovesick: How couples’ relationships influence health. Annual review of clinical psychology, 13(1), 421-443. [Link]
Kwan, H. Y. C. (2020). Dysfunctional communication among chinese couples in Hong Kong: Emotional blackmail and the four horsemen of the apocalypse (Doctoral dissertation). International University of Alliant. [Link]
Lazarus, R. S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping (Vol. 445). Springer. [Link]
Lee, E. (2023). Experts and parenting culture. In Parenting culture studies (pp. 69-97). Cham: Springer International Publishing. [Link]
Lennarz, H. K., Hollenstein, T., Lichtwarck-Aschoff, A., Kuntsche, E., & Granic, I. (2019). Emotion regulation in action: Use, selection, and success of emotion regulation in adolescents’ daily lives. International journal of behavioral development, 43(1), 1-11. [Link]
Li, S., Zhang, J., You, R., & Ji, Y. (2025). The relation between parental marital quality and parent–child attachment security: A three-level meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology. Advance online publication. [Link]
Lindroos, E., Räikkönen, E., Malinen, K., & Rönkä, A. K. (2024). Circular causality in daily coparenting processes among first-time parents. Journal of Family Psychology, 38(5), 707-720. [Link]
Mikolajczak, M., & Roskam, I. (2020). Parental burnout: Moving the focus from children to parents. New directions for child and adolescent development, 2020(174), 7-13. [Link]
Minuchin, S. (2018). Families and family therapy. Routledge. [Link]
Mohagheghi, H., & Roshanaei, M. R. (2023). The effect of emotional couple therapy (EFT) on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) caused by domestic violence. Clinical Psychology Studies, 14(52), 118-146. [Link]
Nichols, L. M., & Tanner-Smith, E. E. (2022). Discrepant parent-adolescent reports of parenting practices: Associations with adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Journal of youth and adolescence, 51(6), 1153-1168. [Link]
Ok, E., Qian, Y., Strejcek, B., & Aquino, K. (2021). Signaling virtuous victimhood as indicators of Dark Triad personalities. Journal of personality and social psychology, 120(6), 1634. [Link]
Rachmad, Y. E. (2025). Social Learning Theory. United Nations Economic and Social Council. [Link]
Rahmy, I. N., & Hamsah, Y. (2023). Normative Construction of Obligations to Balance the Parenting Roles by Working Partners in Gender Equality Perspective. An-Nisa Journal of Gender Studies, 16(2), 153-170. [Link]
Reis, H. T., & Sprecher, S. (Eds.). (2009). Encyclopedia of human relationships. Sage Publications. [Link]
Ronaghan, D., Gaulke, T., & Theule, J. (2024). The association between marital satisfaction and coparenting quality: A meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 38(2), 236-245. [Link]
Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Altenburger, L. E., Lee, M. A., Bower, D. J., & Kamp Dush, C. M. (2015). Who are the gatekeepers? Predictors of maternal gatekeeping. Parenting, 15(3), 166-186. [Link]
Sharma, P. P. (2025). Child’s Rights and Parents Responsibilities Should Complement or Compete. International Journal of Social Sciences, Language and Linguistics, 5(11), 136-141. [Link]
Sojta, K., & Strzelecki, D. (2023). Early maladaptive schemas and their impact on parenting: do dysfunctional schemas pass generationally? A systematic review. Journal of clinical medicine, 12(4), 1263. [Link]
Stets, J. E., & Serpe, R. T. (2013). Identity theory. In Handbook of social psychology (pp. 31-60). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. [Link]
Talebzadeh Sani, H., Faramarzi, S., & Nadi, M. A. (2023). Structural relationships between parenting practices and happiness mediated by life satisfaction and quality of life in mothers of children with intellectual developmental disorder. Psychological Science, 22(121), 171-188. [Link]
Tedeschi, R. G., & Moore, B. A. (2021). Posttraumatic growth as an integrative therapeutic philosophy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 31(2), 180-194. [Link]
Wang, M., Liu, S., & Belsky, J. (2017). Triangulation processes experienced by children in contemporary China. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 41(6), 688-695. [Link]
Wang, L., Tian, J., & Rozelle, S. (2024). Parenting style and child mental health at preschool age: evidence from rural China. BMC psychiatry, 24(1), 314. [Link]
Zakai, S. (2002). Theory and Method in Qualitative Research. Social Sciences, 9(17), 41-69. [Link]
فصلنامه روان‌شناسی کاربردی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از 25 اردیبهشت 1405