ارزش‌های نوجوانان: جهان‌شمول یا فرهنگی؟ انطباق ابزار ارزش‌های شوارتز (2017) در ایران

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

10.48308/apsy.2026.241545.1901

چکیده

هدف: این پژوهش با هدف ارزیابی روان‌سنجی نسخه تجدیدنظرشده پرسشنامه تشبیهی ارزش‌های شوارتز در نوجوانان ایرانی انجام شد.
روش: شرکت‌کنندگان ۸۷۳ دانش‌آموز پایه‌های هشتم و نهم شهر تهران بودند که با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند و به پرسشنامه شوارتز و مقیاس‌های ملاک (عزت‌نفس، خودکارآمدی، همدلی و دینداری) پاسخ دادند.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل عاملی تأییدی نشان داد که ساختار ۱۹ ارزش فرعی و ۴ ارزش مرتبه بالاتر (محافظه‌کاری، تعالی فردی، گشودگی به تغییر و ارتقای فردی) از برازش قابل‌قبول برخوردار است و آیتم‌ها اعتبار مناسبی دارند. اگرچه الگوی کلی دایره‌ای شوارتز و چهار قطب اصلی بازتولید شدند، اما میزان همخوانی با مدل نظری کمتر از سطح مطلوب بود و ارزش‌هایی مانند خودرهنموددهی–عمل و جهان‌شمول‌نگری–بردباری جابجایی‌هایی نشان دادند. شاخص‌های اعتبار برای اغلب ابعاد رضایت‌بخش بود، هرچند ارزش‌های لذت‌جویی و پیشرفت پایایی ضعیف‌تری داشتند. تحلیل همبستگی با ملاک‌ها نیز نشان داد دینداری با محافظه‌کاری رابطه مستقیم و با گشودگی به تغییر و ارتقای فردی رابطه معکوس دارد؛ در حالی‌که همدلی بالاترین ارتباط را با تعالی فردی و عزت‌نفس با ارتقای فردی نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌ها در مجموع ضمن تأیید بخشی از الگوی جهانی ارزش‌ها، تفاوت‌های فرهنگی معناداری در سازمان‌یافتگی ارزش‌ها در میان نوجوانان ایرانی آشکار ساخت. در مجموع بااین‌که می‌توان ذکر کرد نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه تشبیهی ارزش‌های شوارتز ابزاری روا و معتبر برای سنجش ارزش‌های نوجوانان ایرانی است؛ ولی توصیه به احتیاط برای یافته‌های آن وجود دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Adolescent Values: Universal or Culturally Specific? Adaptation of the Schwartz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (RR) (2017) in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeed Akbari-Zardkhaneh 1
  • Rezvan Shirkhodaee 2
  • Jalil Fathabadi 3
  • Amir Hossein Daneshmand Kafteroudi 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science,University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
2 M.A. of Educational Psychology, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Science,University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Aim: This study adapted and evaluated the revised Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ-RR) for Iranian adolescents.
Method: Participants were 873 eighth- and ninth-grade students in Tehran, recruited via stratified random sampling, who completed the PVQ-RR and criterion measures.
Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of 19 values and four higher-order dimensions (Conservation, Self-Transcendence, Openness to Change, and Self-Enhancement) with acceptable fit and adequate item validity. While Schwartz’s circular value model and motivational oppositions were generally reproduced, congruence with the theoretical structure was not complete, as values such as Self-Direction–Action and Universalism–Tolerance showed positional shifts. Reliability was satisfactory overall, although Hedonism and Achievement were weaker. Convergent and discriminant validity were supported: religiosity correlated positively with Conservation but negatively with Openness to Change and Self-Enhancement; empathy related most strongly to Self-Transcendence; and self-esteem was positively associated with Self-Enhancement. These findings confirm essential elements of the universal model while also revealing cultural specificities in how values are organized among Iranian adolescents. The circular structure was largely preserved, and meaningful associations with psychological variables emerged, indicating that adolescents can differentiate between conflicting values.
Conclusion: The Persian PVQ-RR thus provides a valid and reliable measure for studying values in this population and can inform both psychological research and educational planning. In sum, although the Persian version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire (RR) demonstrates acceptable validity and reliability for assessing Iranian adolescents’ values, cautious interpretation of the results is advised.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adolescents
  • Cultural Adaptation
  • Portrait Values Questionnaire
  • Schwartz’s Basic Human Values Theory

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